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Item Factors Promoting Health Care Behaviors Among Pre-Elderly for Self-Reliance and Active Aging(Graphicsite 295 Nakhon Ratchasima Road, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand 10300, 2025-08-28) Khanittha Palmoke; Bussarin Chuensilp; Gritsanaporn Prasitwisate; Wannarat SriratnaThis study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine factors that promote health care behaviors among pre-elderly individuals in preparation for self-reliance and active aging. Four factors were explored: health care behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, and social support. The quantitative component involved a stratified random sample of 400 individuals aged 45–59 years from Bangkok and the provinces of Nakhon Nayok and Suphan Buri. Data were collected via a 20-item questionnaire (5-point Likert scale; IOC = 0.962; Cronbach’s α = 0.887) and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative component used criterion sampling to include 15 key informants, such as academics, nursing and elderly care professionals, health promotion specialists, and organizational executives. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that all four factors significantly promote health care behaviors, with social support rated highest (𝑋̅ = 4.11). Key strategies to enhance these factors include: (1) health care behaviors—guidance on nutrition, exercise, emotional management, motivational strategies, and community health services; (2) knowledge—accessible educational materials, awareness of health rights, and inter-agency collaboration; (3) attitudes—health education, family involvement, and role model initiatives; and (4) social support—family and community engagement, supportive policies, and public awareness campaigns. These results underscore the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration in preparing pre-elderly individuals for active aging and self-reliance, contributing to improved quality of life.Item Feasibility Study of a Web-Based Application in Enhancing Breastfeeding Promotion and Early Childhood Health in Primary Care Settings(Graphicsite 295 Nakhon Ratchasima Road, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand 10300, 2025-08-29) Rungnapa Pongkiatchai; Netrachanee KamonranatanunaThis study developed and evaluated a web-based application to support breastfeeding promotion and early childhood health care in a district within Health Region 5, Thailand. Following a Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) framework, the project progressed through four phases: requirement analysis, design, testing, and evaluation. Requirement analysis included a survey of existing data system, assessments of budget feasibility, safety, applicability, data scope, and maintenance, stakeholder interviews. The design captured maternal and infant health data, home visit records, and developmental milestones Thailand’s Developmental Surveillance and Promotion Manual (DSPM). Testing occurred in a primary care settings in Song Phi Nong district, Suphan Buri Province, within Health Region 5. The same personnel participated in testing (May 2–6, 2022) and evaluation (June 1–30, 2022): 30 randomly selected primary health care providers from the 141 in the district. Evaluation of functionality, usability, and security used an 11-item questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale to assess user satisfaction. Results indicated that the application was successfully designed and tested, receiving positive feedback from providers, who found it more convenient than traditional paper-based recording during home visits and appreciated its ability to facilitate data transfer to the Ministry of Health's database.Item Effect of Germination on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Riceberry Rice for Functional Ice Cream(Graphicsite 295 Nakhon Ratchasima Road, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand 10300, 2025-08-31) Amornrat Srisukong; Panyapathk Pinkaew; Suwanna Pichaiyongvongdee; Natchanok Nukit; Yutthaya Yuyen; Khwunjit Itsarasook; Jiraporn BurakornThis study investigates the effects of germination time on the bioactive compounds, chemical composition, and antioxidant properties of Riceberry rice, along with the incorporation of germinated Riceberry milk (GRM) into ice cream. Germination significantly increased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, reaching a peak at 20 hr (19.49 mg/100 g dry basis), while total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay) showed a slight decline after 18 hr. At 20 hr, germinated rice exhibited lower carbohydrate content and higher levels of fat, fiber, and ash compared to non-germinated rice. GRM, containing 1.74% protein, 1.10% fat, and an antioxidant capacity of 172.06 mmol Trolox/100 g, was incorporated into ice cream formulations at concentrations ranging from 0% to 50%. Increasing GRM content improved the ice cream’s antioxidant capacity and TPC, with the highest levels observed at 50% GRM (14.47 mg gallic acid/100 g and 31.33 mmol Trolox/100 g, respectively). GRM addition also affected physical attributes such as apparent viscosity and overrun. Sensory evaluation revealed that high GRM concentrations (≥30%) negatively impacted texture, taste, and overall acceptability. In contrast, the 20% GRM formulation provided a favorable balance between enhanced nutritional properties and consumer acceptance, showing no significant difference from the control. These findings support the potential of GRM as a functional ingredient in health-oriented frozen desserts, offering nutritional and antioxidant benefits without compromising sensory quality when used at optimal levels.Item In vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Wound Healing Properties of Aloe Vera Infused with Canola Oil for Possible Application in Skin Cosmetics(Graphicsite 295 Nakhon Ratchasima Road, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand 10300, 2025-04-25) Khwunjit itsarasook; Piyanuch Prompamorn; Jittarawadee Tanghiranrat; Amornrat Srisukong; Orapin Komutiban; Woraphot Haritakun; Kanlayaporn ChantreeThis research investigates the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and woundhealing properties of Aloe vera oil, along with its cytotoxic effects on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), particularly in the context of its potential use as a natural antioxidant in skincare formulations. A. vera oil was extracted using an infusion method with canola oil, and its properties were thorough characterized. The concentration of aloin and cycloartenol in the A. vera oil were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The resulted indicated that A. vera oil exhibited no cytotoxicity towards NHDF cells. Additionally, the oil demonstrated antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, and its reducing potential assessed through free radical scavenging activity (FRAP) assays. Regarding its anti-inflammatory properties, the A. vera oil at a specific concentration showed no cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Notably, its potent anti-inflammatory effects significantly (p<0.05) reduced nitric oxide (NO) productions in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), compared to the LPS-treated cells group. Moreover, NHDF cells treated with A. vera oil exhibited a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in wound closure area in a scratch wound assay, indicating enhanced cell migration. Collectively, these findings highlight the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties of A. vera oil, underscoring its potential as an eco-friendly and beneficial ingredient for cosmetic skincare products.Item Effects of Utilizing Mobile-Assisted Language Learning through YouTube and TikTok Applications on Enhancing English Communication Skills for Higher Education Students as Generation Z Learners(Graphicsite 295 Nakhon Ratchasima Road, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand 10300, 2025-04-24) Rattana KlinjuyThis study aimed to (1) examine the perspectives and needs of Generation Z university students regarding the use of mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) through YouTube and TikTok to enhance English communication skills; (2) investigate the effects of MALL via these platforms on students' communication performance; and (3) explore students’ perceptions of MALL integration in their language learning experiences. The participants were 12 third-year undergraduate students enrolled in the English in Early Childhood Classroom course. Research instruments included: (1) a needs and perspectives questionnaire; (2) pre- and post-listening tests and formative speaking assessments; and (3) a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire along with open-ended questions to gather both quantitative and qualitative data on students’ perceptions. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percentile, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and content analysis. Findings revealed that students perceived YouTube and TikTok as effective tools for improving pronunciation and listening comprehension, particularly in understanding diverse accents and developing clearer speech. They reported motivation to participate in speaking activities and acquire practical vocabulary for real-life communication. Post-intervention results demonstrated significant improvement in students’ English communication skills. Listening test scores increased from a pre-test mean of 29.1 (SD = 5.75) to a post-test mean of 41.3 (SD = 5.33), with a statistically significant difference at the .002 level. The average speaking proficiency score reached 80.17%, surpassing the 70% benchmark with significance at the .05 level. Students expressed positive perceptions of MALL via YouTube and TikTok, noting the platforms’ engaging nature, ease of access to learning materials, and support for intercultural competence. These findings highlight the potential of integrating popular digital platforms into EFL instruction to foster effective and engaging learning environments for Generation Z learners. The study underscores the importance of leveraging technology to enhance language education in contemporary academic settings.Item Model of Collaborative Network for Promoting the Enhancement of Educational Provision Efficiency of Child Development Center under Local Administrative Organization(Graphicsite 295 Nakhon Ratchasima Road, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand 10300, 2025-04-11) Rungnapa Tangchitcharoenkhul; Saisamorn Muangmoon; Janpen Tangjitjaroenkun; Jirasak SrisaiThis research aimed to: (1) develop a collaborative network model to enhance the efficiency of educational provision in child development centers (CDCs) under Local Administrative Organizations, and (2) assess the quality of the developed model. Employing a research and development (R&D) design, the study collected quantitative data from 1,620 respondents through validated questionnaires. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and latent growth curve modeling. Qualitative data were also obtained from 158 relevant Thai and international documents, and interviews with 56 experts and stakeholders. The proposed model consists of key elements, including development rationale, objectives, operational plans, implementation guidelines, and evaluation strategies. It comprises four core operational components: (1) Related and Specific (RS), (2) Unique and Optional (UO), (3) Informative and Challenging (IC), and (4) Flexible and Adaptable (FA). The model follows the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle and incorporates self-assessment, internal monitoring, and external supervision to ensure quality implementation. Model evaluation involved stakeholders such as CDC heads, early childhood teachers, academic institutions, and network partners. Results confirmed the model's relevance, practicality, and appropriateness in terms of content, activities, and time management. The trial application demonstrated a consistent upward trend in performance indicators, with latent growth rates increasing from April to September 2023. Initial mean scores ranged from 1.756 to 1.985, while slope means ranged from 0.529 to 0.813. Model fit indices indicated strong alignment with empirical data. The findings suggest that the collaborative network model effectively supports capacity building and educational enhancement in CDCs through multisectoral collaboration.Item Enhancing 3-Star Hotels to Wellness Hotels through User-Centered and UX/UI Design: A Case Study in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan(Graphicsite 295 Nakhon Ratchasima Road, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand 10300, 2024-11-25) Pichsinee Puttitaweesri; Wannapat Rimphati; Nathita Inya; Nattha PhiwmaThis research investigates the transformation of 3-star hotels into wellness hotels through user-centered and UX/UI design approaches in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with three key informants and a quantitative survey of 50 tourists. The qualitative component provided in-depth insights into wellness tourism trends and challenges, while the quantitative survey assessed tourists’ preferences and expectations regarding wellness amenities and services. Key qualitative findings revealed that successful wellness hotel transformations require a comprehensive approach integrating physical design, service offerings, and digital experiences. Quantitative results showed that tourists prioritize hydrotherapy (16.7%), health exercise (16.0%), and massage (12.8%) as top wellness activities. For dining, 30.9% emphasized healthy food menus, and 20.0% prioritized healthy beverages. Based on these insights, prototypes for websites, menus, and signage were developed and evaluated by 50 hotel entrepreneurs and related agencies. The overall satisfaction with the prototypes was high (mean = 4.24, SD = 0.267). This research contributes to understanding that user-centered and UX/UI design can effectively transform 3-star hotels into wellness-oriented establishments. The high satisfaction ratings suggest that the developed prototypes have significant potential for enhancing user experiences and hotel competitiveness in the wellness tourism market. These findings provide design strategies, services, and product information for 3-star hotels seeking to enhance their offerings and competitiveness in the evolving wellness tourism market, potentially contributing to the broader development of wellness tourism in Thailand.Item Self-Drive Tourism: Unlocking the Potential of the Thailand Riviera(Graphicsite 295 Nakhon Ratchasima Road, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand 10300, 2025-11-25) Neeyakarn Limaroon; Parleda Sampaothong; Kwanrat Jansirinara; Thapana Tangjui; Narin Sungraksa; Panarat SrisaengThe Thailand Riviera is a key element in the government's strategic plan to boost the nation's economy through targeted tourism development initiatives. Despite its natural beauty and numerous attractions, awareness of the region remains limited, suggesting the need for enhanced promotional efforts. This study aims to develop a proactive marketing and public relations model to promote tourism in the Thailand Riviera, with a focus on self-drive tourism as a case study. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a survey of 400 tourists to examine their behaviors and perceptions of the Thailand Riviera, as well as in-depth interviews with 24 key informants, including tourists, government officials, and tourism professionals. The EDFR research method was applied to establish a proactive marketing and public relations model, incorporating the insights of 17 experts. A qualitative approach was used to test and verify the proposed self-drive tourism model. The findings suggest that the marketing and tourism promotion strategy for the Thailand Riviera should emphasize self-drive tourism and highlight a distinctive regional identity in alignment with provincial tourism policies under the Thailand Riviera brand. To build brand awareness, mascot marketing should be implemented, positioning the mascot as a tourism ambassador. The proposed self-drive tourism model includes the Thailand Riviera Self-Drive Salt Route in Phetchaburi, connected to the Thailand Riviera Self-Drive Coastal Route in Prachuap Khiri Khan, with community-based tourism activities along the scenic routes. This form of tourism has the potential to reach remote areas, promoting income distribution within local communities and contributing to national economic growth. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential of self-drive tourism as a key driver for promoting tourism in the Thailand Riviera.Item Challenges in Education posed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution(Graphicsite, 2024-05-15) Hubert Ruch; Natthakitta Florentine; Sirote Pholpuntin; Sukhum Chaleysub; Supaporn Tungdamnernsawad; Siratam UdomtamanupabThis review article provides an overview of the challenges that the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) may pose for education as reflected in scientific articles, white papers and other up-to-date publications. The approach taken here does not make distinctions among different educational levels but instead aims to highlight overarching challenges across the education sector as a whole, providing the opportunity to identify general or cross-cutting risks that may arise from the 4IR. The topic of digitization - one of the main pillars of the 4IR - seems highly controversial within the research studies examined, with disagreement regarding both possible harmful effects of digitizing classrooms and the fundamental benefits of multimedia. There seems to be a clear trend of many authors to recommend necessary adjustments that enable various stakeholders to adapt to the developments prompted by the 4IR. The main recommendations here are flexibility, personal responsibility, and self-reliance. Relatively few researchers - such as Yong Zhao - recommend active engagement in order to consciously influence or even delay the dynamics of the 4IR. Leaders in particular are called upon to make greater efforts to adapt, e.g. by implementing AI and AI-powered personalized learning into pedagogies and curricula, teacher support in using AI tools and developing ethical standards, fostering access and equity, data-driven decision making, future-ready skills development, partnerships with tech companies, continual adaptation and lifelong learning, and taking into account human aspects regarding the digitalization of education, such as the impact on people when theThis review article provides an overview of the challenges that the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) may pose for education as reflected in scientific articles, white papers and other up-to-date publications. The approach taken here does not make distinctions among different educational levels but instead aims to highlight overarching challenges across the education sector as a whole, providing the opportunity to identify general or cross-cutting risks that may arise from the 4IR. The topic of digitization-one of the main pillars of the 4IR-seems highly controversial within the research studies examined, with disagreement regarding both possible harmful effects of digitizing classrooms and the fundamental benefits of multimedia. There seems to be a clear trend of many authors to recommend necessary adjustments that enable various stakeholders to adapt to the developments prompted by the 4IR. The main recommendations here are flexibility, personal responsibility, and self-reliance. Relatively few researchers-such as Yong Zhao-recommend active engagement in order to consciously influence or even delay the dynamics of the 4IR. Leaders in particular are called upon to make greater efforts to adapt, e.g. by implementing AI and AI-powered personalized learning into pedagogies and curricula, teacher support in using AI tools and developing ethical standards, fostering access and equity, data- driven decision making, future-ready skills development, partnerships with tech companies, continual adaptation and lifelong learning, and taking into account human aspects regarding the digitalization of education, such as the impact on people when they learn and work on computer screens or in virtual worlds.y learn and work on computer screens or in virtual worlds.Item Development of Phonics Teaching Instructional Material for English Teachers in Thailand(Graphicsite, 2024-06-14) Anucha KhaengkhanThis study aimed to develop phonics instructional materials tailored for English teachers in Thailand to tackle specific pronunciation challenges encountered by Thai speakers of English. It utilized a mixed-methods research approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The research sample consisted of 2,000 Thai individuals selected through stratified random sampling, ensuring diverse representation across various regions, age groups, and socioeconomic statuses, thus providing comprehensive coverage of the population's phonetic challenges. Quantitative data were gathered through a structured survey designed to pinpoint specific pronunciation challenges at the alphabet, word, and phoneme levels, particularly focusing on sounds absent in the Thai language. Qualitative data were collected from 300 English teachers who implemented the developed phonics materials, "Phonics Focus" in their classrooms. These teachers provided feedback via reflection notes, which were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the materials. The results revealed significant pronunciation difficulties, particularly at the alphabet and word levels, with 47% of participants encountering challenges at the alphabet level, 31% at the word level, and 22% with sounds not found in Thai. Additionally, rhythm analysis indicated a distinct preference for three-syllable English phrases across all age groups, with 92% of the surveyed population reporting a notable comfort level. Based on these findings, the "Phonics Focus" materials were developed, incorporating segments such as A to Z Phonics, AEIOU Phonics, and FIXED Phonics to address specific phonetic challenges. Feedback from teachers indicated high satisfaction, with the majority achieving competence level three or above in teaching English pronunciation using the newly developed phonics approach.Item Challenges in Education posed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution(Graphicsite, 2024-05-15) Hubert Ruch; Natthakitta Florentine; Sirote Pholpuntin; Sukhum Chaleysub; Supaporn Tungdamnernsawad; Siratam UdomtamanupabThis review article provides an overview of the challenges that the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) may pose for education as reflected in scientific articles, white papers and other up-to-date publications. The approach taken here does not make distinctions among different educational levels but instead aims to highlight overarching challenges across the education sector as a whole, providing the opportunity to identify general or cross-cutting risks that may arise from the 4IR. The topic of digitization - one of the main pillars of the 4IR - seems highly controversial within the research studies examined, with disagreement regarding both possible harmful effects of digitizing classrooms and the fundamental benefits of multimedia. There seems to be a clear trend of many authors to recommend necessary adjustments that enable various stakeholders to adapt to the developments prompted by the 4IR. The main recommendations here are flexibility, personal responsibility, and self-reliance. Relatively few researchers - such as Yong Zhao - recommend active engagement in order to consciously influence or even delay the dynamics of the 4IR. Leaders in particular are called upon to make greater efforts to adapt, e.g. by implementing AI and AI-powered personalized learning into pedagogies and curricula, teacher support in using AI tools and developing ethical standards, fostering access and equity, data-driven decision making, future-ready skills development, partnerships with tech companies, continual adaptation and lifelong learning, and taking into account human aspects regarding the digitalization of education, such as the impact on people when they learn and work on computer screens or in virtual worlds.Item Exploring Challenges and Factors Influencing Teachers' Digital Innovative Leadership in Education(Graphicsite, 2024-12-12) Pichsinee Puttitaweesri; Sirote Pholpuntin; Sukhum Chaleysub; Nattha PhiwmaDisruptive technology has globally transformed education, bringing both opportunities and challenges to educational institutions. Existing research primarily addresses technology integration in education; however, there is a significant gap in understanding how elementary school teachers can develop and exercise digital innovative leadership. This gap is especially pronounced in the Thai context, where traditional teaching methods are rapidly being disrupted by digital innovations. This research aimed to identify and analyze factors influencing elementary school teachers' digital innovative leadership in educational management during the disruptive technology era in Thailand. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study employed methodological triangulation. This included document analysis of 20 relevant sources and in-depth interviews with five purposively selected key informants, consisting of senior administrators and experienced teachers. Data analysis utilized directed content analysis and frequency analysis. The findings revealed five crucial factors influencing teachers' digital innovative leadership: Digital Innovative Vision, Digital Skills, Creative and Innovative Thinking, Innovative Teamwork and Participation, and Ethics and Accountability. These interconnected factors provide a comprehensive framework for developing teachers' digital leadership capabilities and offer school administrators strategic guidance for implementing effective professional development programs. The results contribute to both theoretical understanding of digital leadership in education and have practical implications for teacher development in Thailand's evolving educational landscape.Item Exploring Challenges and Factors Influencing Teachers' Digital Innovative Leadership in Education(Graphicsite, 2024-12-12) Pichsinee Puttitaweesri; Sirote Pholpuntin; Sukhum Chaleysub; Nattha PhiwmaDisruptive technology has globally transformed education, bringing both opportunities and challenges to educational institutions. Existing research primarily addresses technology integration in education; however, there is a significant gap in understanding how elementary school teachers can develop and exercise digital innovative leadership. This gap is especially pronounced in the Thai context, where traditional teaching methods are rapidly being disrupted by digital innovations. This research aimed to identify and analyze factors influencing elementary school teachers' digital innovative leadership in educational management during the disruptive technology era in Thailand. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study employed methodological triangulation. This included document analysis of 20 relevant sources and in-depth interviews with five purposively selected key informants, consisting of senior administrators and experienced teachers. Data analysis utilized directed content analysis and frequency analysis. The findings revealed five crucial factors influencing teachers' digital innovative leadership: Digital Innovative Vision, Digital Skills, Creative and Innovative Thinking, Innovative Teamwork and Participation, and Ethics and Accountability. These interconnected factors provide a comprehensive framework for developing teachers' digital leadership capabilities and offer school administrators strategic guidance for implementing effective professional development programs. The results contribute to both theoretical understanding of digital leadership in education and have practical implications for teacher development in Thailand's evolving educational landscape.Item Development of Sai Krok E-san Kai (Chicken Fermented Sausages) with Riceberry Rice(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Ekapon Onnompun; Pawitra Pasurakul; Bencharat Prapluettrakul; Nuchanart Kulawit; Pornyupan Pornsuksawat; Weerapong Wirunthanakrit; Varaporn VittayapornThis research aims to (1) study the ratios of sticky rice to Riceberry rice in Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice, at 70:30, 50:50 and 0:100 (2) compare the nutritional value between control Sai Krok E-san Kai and Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice and (3) carry out consumers’ acceptance test of Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice. The study showed that the most accepted ratio of sticky rice to Riceberry rice is 50:50, with overall liking score of 7.48±1.14 (moderately like to like very much). From the comparison of nutritional value in control Sai Krok E-san Kai and Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice, it was found that the control sample had 181.29 kcal of energy, 8.29 g fat, 13.12 g carbohydrate, 2.58 g dietary fiber, 0.45 mg iron and 0.69 mg zinc. On the other hand, Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice had 163.65 kcal of energy, 7.49 g fat, 10.34 g carbohydrate, 4.86 g dietary fiber, 0.97 mg iron and 0.75 mg zinc. Moreover, the consumer acceptance test of Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice showed that, out of 100 panelists, 89% accepted the product and 75% decided that they would purchase the product.Item Expectancy on Being Older Persons and Self-Preparation for Old Age in Middle-Adults: Bang Phlad, Bangkok Metropolis(Graphicsite, 2023-06-26) Pragai Jirojanakul; Nipa Leesukol; Renu Kwanyuen; Wanpen KaewpanThe purposes of this study were to assess the level of expectancy on being older persons and of the self-preparation for old age in middle-aged adults (ages between 35-60 years); and to estimate an equation to predict the self-preparation of middle-aged adults from the demographic factors and the expectancy on being older persons. The sample of 400 persons were recruited from middle-aged adults who were qualified with the predetermined criteria, using multi-stage random sampling technique. Data was collected using the questionnaire, developed by the researchers, consisted of 3 sections: the personal data, the expectancy on being older persons and the self-preparation for old age. The CVIs of sections 2 and 3 of the questionnaire were 0.97 and 1.0 with reliabilities of 0.92 and 0.93 respectively. It was found that the expectancy of the sample on being older persons in general was at a high level (Mean 4.07, S.D. 0.66) and the self-preparation for old age in general was also at a high level (Mean 4.00, S.D. 0.55). The variables, which were analyzed using chi-square tests and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation test and found significantly associated with the self-preparation for old age, were later included to formulate a prediction equation of the dependent variable. The Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the equation that best predicted the self-preparation for old age, with the Coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.467 (R=.685). The equation included independent variables as follows: the expectancy on being older persons on spiritual and physical aspects, working for government/state enterprise/private company, practicing Buddhism, and having education at vocational certificate or higher levels. The implications of research findings and recommendations for future practice were discussed.Item Effects of Exercise on Physical Performances among Frail Older Adults: A Review Study(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Sattha Prakobchai; Rungnapa Pongkiatchai; Sresuda WongwiseskulFrailty is a crucial concept in determining physiological reverses among older adults. Physical frailty can predict the vulnerability for community- dwelling older adults as the functional performance declines. Recently, nurses and health care professionals have implemented the strategies to enhance physical capacity among frail older adults. Even the clinical guidelines of physical activity and exercise recommendations are widely published, older adults still engage in a low level of physical exercise. It is notable that exercise intervention is effective way to prevent frailty. This review indicates that a combination of aerobic, resistance exercise, and multicomponent exercise can improve physical performance such as increase muscle strength, balance, muscle mass, gait speed and prevent falls. Frailty is a reversible condition. Therefore, encouraging older adults to perform physical exercise is needed to maintain physical functioning as well as promote quality of life. Nurses play a significant role in frailty recovering both in hospitals and in aged care facilities.Item The Effect of Cooking Process and Shelf Life Evaluation of Retort Pouch Packed a Tradition Meat Curry “Kaoyuk”(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Supawadee Nakban; Sawitree Nuwongsri; Dudsadee Sapbua; Thippika ThoraritKaoyuk is a traditional meat curry of Trang province, Thailand. It is prepared as a standard recipe. A retort pouch is used because it is a convenient thermal process in which the texture and flavor should be maintained in something close to the original condition. The purpose of the research is to were investigate the effect of the pre-cooking time of Kaoyuk and the change in quality of retorted Kaoyuk after 12 months storage. The effect of the pre-cooking time of meat at 0, 60 and 120 min before retorted process were studied and the texture analyzed and a sensory evaluation undertaken. The result found that the pre-cooking time at 60 min provided the tenderest meat, the retorted Kaoyuk was softened and also more retained the sensory qualities of the original. The 60 min of pre-cooked Kaoyuk were packed in retort pouch with thermal process on F0=11 min (118°C) and stored at room temperature (25±5°C) for 12 months. Physical properties, chemical properties, microbial properties and sensory evaluation were conducted every 3 months. Meanwhile, there was a significant decrease of pH from 5.9 to 5.46 and cutting force required was also was decreased from 8116 g force to 6320 g force whereas color L* a* b* values increased. The Free Fatty Acid value (FFA) was increased from 0.54 to 0.97 % of oleic acid and Thiobarbituric acid values (TBA) was increased from 0.64 to 1.07 mg of MDA/kg meat but no significant (P>0.05) growth of microbial and the sensory evaluation conducted from 10 trained panelists were accepted. The result showed that the retorted Kaoyuk can be store at room temperature for 12 months whilst maintaining acceptable safety and customer satisfaction levels.Item Liposomes Encapsulating Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Extracts: Characterization and Shelf Life of Freeze-Dried Vesicles(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Tasanee Panichakul; Piyawan Youdee; Nattaporn Boohuad; Khwunjit Itsarasook; Prasit SuwannalertLiposome is the one way of encapsulation of extracts for reducing the extract degradation. This study was to prepare the liposome entrapped extracts of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. (L-Al), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (L-Gg) alone and in combination of A. lakoocha and G. glabra extracts (L-AlGg). The liposomes were prepared by Mechanochemical method and freeze-drying. For stability of liposomes, storage at 4, 25 and 45°C for 8 weeks was performed. The trapping efficiency of liposomes and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of extracts entrapped in liposome were investigated. Results showed liposome morphology was the spherical vesicles evaluated by TEM. Before freeze-drying, liposomes had particle sizes of 156.966 ± 0.808, 140.8 ± 0.818 and 158.633 ± 4.193 nm for L-Al, L-Gg and L-AlGg, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of L-Al, L-Gg and L-AlGg was found to be 95.83 ± 13.48, 97.99 ± 5.23 and 93.90 ± 16.28 %, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of released extracts from L-Al, L-Gg and L-AlGg were 81.57 ± 1.22, 68.92 ± 1.23 and 81.40 ± 0.64 %, respectively. After freeze-drying, the particle sizes of L-Al and L-AlGg were no significant changes, while L-Gg particle size was bigger (p < 0.01). The liposome entrapment and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of released extracts were not significantly changed after freezedrying. This indicates good stability and no extract leakage of liposomes. In storage at 4°C for 8 weeks, the entrapment efficiency of L-Al, L-Gg, L-AlGg and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of released extracts were not significantly different, comparing with controls. When increasing temperature of storage effected on the significantly reduction of the entrapment of liposomes and the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of released extracts (p < 0.01). Therefore, the freeze-dried liposome and storage at low temperature is recommended for stabilizing liposome and extract quality.Item Development of Horse Mango (Mangifera foetida) Jam and Consumer Acceptance(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Saowapan Palasuwan; Dudsadee SapbuaThe purposes of this research were to develop horse mango (Mangifera foetida Lour.) jam, to investigate the quality of the developed jam and consumer acceptance of horse mango jam. The methodology of research was conducted by studying three concentration levels (35%,45% and 55%) of ripe horse mango flesh suitable to be processed into horse mango jam and evaluating the jam properties: physical, chemical and microbiological quality and consumer acceptance of the jam. The experimental results indicated that ripe horse mango flesh could be suitably processed as jam, and that horse mango also had a unique smell. Furthermore, the quality of horse mango jam was investigated by measuring the quality of jam according to the Thai Community Product Standard (TCPS) criteria for coloring (L*a* b*) and spreadability used to deform the jam, it was found that 3 horse mango jams are concentrated in terms of color, odor and flavor, according to TCPS criteria: L*, a* decreased and b* increased when the concentration of horse mango jam increased. The texture of the jam decreased when the concentration of horse mango increased. Horse mango jam selection by sensory evaluation from 50 panelists found that horse mango jam 55% received the most favorable rating in terms of color, odor, flavor and overall liking and there was a significant difference with 35%, 45% jam (p <0.05). When using 55% horse mango jam for chemical and microbiological quality, it was found that jam contains the amount of β-carotene at 1.04 g, moisture at 28.5 g, ash 0.56 g protein 0.45 g, carbohydrate and fat 0.73 g per 100 grams of horse mango jam. The amount of microbes detected was not up to the standard of TCPS. For the acceptance of 100 consumers, consumers accepted 97% of jam and decided to buy horse mango jam at 76%.Item Antioxidant Activity and Allelopathic Potential of Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx on Germination and Growth of Neptunia javanica Miq. seeds(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Wipa Tupchiangmai; Wantana MongkolvisutThe research objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, the allelopathic potential on germination growth of Neptunia javanica Miq. seeds and the total phenolic content (TPC) of crude extracts and fractions from Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. In this research, the ethanol crude extracts of leaves (LE), stems (SE) and roots (RE) from L. nodiflora were subjected to study the antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the allelopathic potential on germination seeds of N. javanica. The RE extract had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 136.87 ppm. The allelopathic effect of LE extract at a concentration of 20 mg/mL completely inhibited the seed germination of N. javanica. The LE fractions were separated by liquid-liquid partition with hexane and ethyl acetate system to afford the leaf hexane fraction (LH), leaf ethyl acetate fraction (LEtOAc) and leaf hydroethanolic fraction (LW). The antioxidant, TPC and allelopathic activities of all fractions were investigated. The antioxidant activity of LW (158.21) and LEtOAc (175.45) fractions were better than those of LE (296.87) extracts, while LH fraction showed the lowest antioxidant activity at 722.08 ppm. The active allelopathic compounds in LEtOAc at a concentration of 10 mg/mL showed complete inhibition of radicle and hypocotyl on germination seed growth and 50% of seed growth inhibition (IC50) was 3.14 mg/mL. Crude extracts and fractions showed more inhibited radicle growth than hypocotyl growth of N. javanica seeds. The TPC of leaves crude extracts and fractions were the highest. Interestingly, the total phenolic content of LEtOAc fraction, was the highest (0.072 mg GAE/g) that was related to the good allelopathic properties, compared with other fractions and crude extracts. Our results indicate that the ethanolic crude extracts and an ethyl acetate fraction of L. nodiflora leaves can be applied to weed control, especially for N. javanica.