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STEM Education for Developing Undergraduates’ 21st Century Skills
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Chanisara Metpattarahiran
STEM education is a learning approach that integrates science, technology, engineering, and mathematics with a focus on students’ application of knowledge and technology for solving problem. Engineering design process is included in STEM education with a purpose that students can develop innovation during their collaborative work. STEM education helps students develop skills in critical thinking, communicating, creative thinking, and teamworking. These skills are relevant to those necessary for living in the 21st century. Currently, STEM education is implemented in kindergarten, primary, and secondary levels. In addition, vocational and undergraduate levels start implementing STEM education with a purpose to develop students’ knowledge, skills, and abilities. Teacher plays an important role to transfer knowledge and encourage students to learn. Also, teacher has to motivate students to apply knowledge to solve real-life problems which will be effective for their future career.
The Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy and Ecological Awareness from Literature: A Case Study of “The Good Earth” by Pearl S. Buck and “A Child of the Northeast or Look I-San” by Khamphoon Boonthawee
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Teeradet Chuenpraphanusorn
The research aims (1) to investigate, and analysis the methodology or persuasive writing techniques. (2) to analyze the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy and Ecological Awareness from two stories and (3) to study the attitude of the reader after reading. The primary sources such as the document, novel, theories and in–depth interview-form are employed as the instrument of this research. The results reveal that both novels can answer the three research objectives as (1) Point of view, theme, plot, characterization, dramatic conflict and setting are also persuaded in both novels and portray the relationship between humans, nature and believe in the cultural society by the following details. (1.1) The point of view of the Good Earth is the first person and third person, but In A Child of the Northeast, the objective or dramatic point of view is the main point. (1.2) Two novels have similar themes in earth, homeland and environment. (1.3) The open plot appears in the two novels. (1.4) The characterizations are round or dynamic and flat or statistic. (1.5) The dramatic conflict appears in the Good Earth as; the physical, the elemental, the social and the psychological conflict, but is found as the natural conflict in A Child of the Northeast. (1.6) The two novels have the same setting; the culture, the geography or natural and the outdoors. (2) The ecological insight is characterized by a quality of wholeness and the author’s ecological awareness and holism suggests a sense of unity such as a farmer in the Asian Region, which depends on the weather, natural resources with hope in their land. Moreover, both novels are concerned with the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, especially the teaching of the concept “middle pathway of life”. This philosophy transfer from the actions and visions of the main characters as Wang-Lung and Koon’s father from the beginning until the end of the story. (3) After reading, the students admired the valuable concept of ecological awareness and the philosophy of sufficiency economy and it can be assumed that both novels are good examples for the new generation, particularly in the modern era.
Digital Business Transformation : Digital Culture Before Technology
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Pornchanit Kaew-nate
This article is a study to highlight that digital transformation is something that businesses cannot avoid. However, the transition is not just about adopting the technology. The organizational leaders must also understand that the condition for transitional success is a harmonious change of people, systems, and contexts. This academic paper studies three issues: 1) Concept of Digital Thailand 2) Concept of Digital transformation 3) Promotion of personnel in organizations to have skills and digital culture. The study shows that digital transformation can be successful if important aspects are implemented. The principle aspects are the self-review of the organization from the vision, strategy, operational processes and value delivered to the customer as well as determining where the organization is in the digital age industry to see why there are operational delays and, most importantly, to see the qualifications of organizational leaders who need to understand digital transformation. All of this is the corporate culture in the digital transformation era, not just buying or importing technology into the organization without considering other elements. However, the definition of the word “Digital culture” is also diverse. In this academic article, it is used to define the meaning of “Digital culture” which refers to a modern corporate culture that focuses on changing the work and way of thinking of the people in the organization.
Guidelines for Enhancing Early Childhood Teacher Preparation and Development in Higher Education Institutions in Thailand
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Phornchulee Lungka; Sittiporn Iamsen; Wilailak Langka; Nisarat Issaramanorose; Pornluck Intamra; Poonyawee Chiropasworrapong; Ua-aree Janthon
This research aims to study the preparation and development of early childhood teachers in Thai higher education institutions. Overall, the study established the guidelines and the policy proposals for enhancing the “preparation and development” of early childhood teachers in Thai higher education institutions; following the Standard of the National Early Childhood Development Institution. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected with relevant groups and stakeholders in the process of preparation and development of early childhood teachers in 4 regions, the data were conducted in 2020. The participants were (1) Administrators or lectures, accountable for producing early childhood teachers, in the higher institutes in 4 regions, (2) Students in Early Childhood Education Programs, (3) School authority, mentors, student teachers, (4) Graduated in Early Childhood Education Programs, (5) Representatives from 4 relevant Ministries, (6) Early Childhood Teachers in different affiliations, (7) Senior experts in policymaking, and (8) Specialist in early childhood teacher preparation and development. The research tools included interviews, group discussions, data record forms, and the questionnaires of management and organising learning experiences for early childhood development according to the Standard of the National Early Childhood Development Institute. The qualitative data analysis was made using content analysis. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inference statistics using One Way ANOVA statistical analysis, the correlation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results of the research revealed that early childhood teacher preparation conditions of higher education institutions in Thailand can be classified into 8 areas. The findings revealed that early childhood teachers in different affiliations had developed relevant knowledge, understandings and strengthening the competency in organising activities for early childhood development. However, there are several challenges facing the teachers to meet the requirements.
Factors Influencing Thai Tourists' Decision Making to Choose Dvaravati Civilization for Tourist Attractions
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Jirat Chuanchom; Nongluck Popichit; Anonnart Tananchat; Wijittra Srisorn
The objective of this research was to study tourist behavior of Dvaravati civilization-based tourist attractions and find ways to develop tourist behavior of Dvaravati civilization-based tourist attractions. The researcher conducted a random survey of 18,361,221 tourists who visited the Dvaravati Civilization-based tourist attractions. The sample group consisted of 400 Thai tourists aged 20-60 years. Statistical tools used in the data analysis included percentage, mean and standard deviation Cronbach's Alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire scored at 0.980. Multiple regression analysis was also used to test the correlation among the variables. The findings showed overall opinions of tourists toward tourism behavior of Dvaravati civilization-based tourist attractions were at a high level in all aspects. For each aspect, it was found that reputation of tourist attractions was ranked first, followed by rank two asthe beauty of the tourist attractions and third rank was the value of tourism. Whereas tourism services and facilities were ranked the lowest. As for the relationship with the Dvaravati Civilization-based tourist attraction management, it was found that the relationship was at a high level of 0.601, and factors influencing Thai tourists' decision making to choose Dvaravati civilization affects the potential of Dvaravati civilization-based tourist attractions with a 0.05 level of significance level. As a result, the prediction was presented in the Equation: ŷ = 1.011 + (0.391Rta) + (0.184Bta) + (0.089Vot) + (0.103Tsf).
Behaviours of Thai People Amid Covid-19 Pandemic
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Sirote Pholpuntin; Sukhum Chaleysub; Nongluck Chotevithayathanin; Pornpan Buathong
Amid the pandemic of Coronavirus 19 or Covid-19 in 2021, Suan Dusit Poll, Suan Dusit University has conducted opinion surveys on Thai people from April to June 2021 encompassing 13 topics and 24,846 samples. The survey results have reflected on the behaviours of Thai people amid the Covid-19 pandemic into 3 dimensions, namely, (1) emotion and feeling towards Covid-19 situation – Thais think the third wave of Covid-19 pandemic rapidly spread in various areas, it is scared than the two previous pandemics leading to feeling stressed, worried, anxious, worse, and despairing, (2) social and way of life – Thais cling into more social media; however, they choose to trust television media more than other media. The more they addict to the news, the more they feel anxious and stressed. They spend a lot on surgical masks and alcohol, focus on cooking and eating at their home, and love to work from home and the workplace equally. Also, they think online learning for their kids are not ready, and (3) Thai economy – Thai people do not spend their money more even though the Thai government has provided monetary compensation to assist under various kinds of projects and measurements.
An Investigation of the Language used on Signage in Japanese Town on Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok through the Lens of Linguistic Landscape
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Gornkrit Meemongkol; Sutsawad Jandum
This study investigates the language diversities and Japanese language usage reflected on the signage found in Japanese town on Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok. A qualitative research method was used, with which samples were collected by taking fifty photos of signage along five alleys on Sukhumvit Road with Japanese script appearing on them. The framework of Landry & Bourhis (1997) was employed in this study. The results show that Japanese has an important role in the multilingual area of Sukhumvit Road whereas English was used as the international language. Moreover, Thai language appeared on the signage as the national language but English was still the main language used to communicate with the target customers of various nationalities. It is inferred that most people in the area understand everyday English well. Additionally, the signage of Japanese restaurants was the most prominent and most of them represent Japanese culture. In addition, horizontal text was evident in the system of writing. This may be influenced by the Thai writing system as well as the Western languages. Furthermore, Kanji scripts were the most used on the signage compared to Hiragana and Katakana scripts. Overall, Kanji, as the picture scripts of Japanese language, may convey the meaning of lexical words to readers effectively.
A Study of Ideal and Perceived Images of Thailand Based on Inbound Tourists Perception
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Nuchruedee Rooymai
This research had two aims, (1) to determine information sources influencing inbound tourist’s perception on the ideal image of Thailand (images of Thailand before visiting) and (2) to compare between ideal and perceived images (images of Thailand after travelling). Data was gathered from 400 inbound tourists who had experiences in travelling in Thailand. Selection of respondents of inbound tourists, by accidental sampling at Suvannabhum Airport 250 respondents and at Don Muang Airport 150 respondents. The research tools used in the study were structured questionnaires. The statistics for test the hypothesis “The ideal and perceived image of Thailand is significantly different” is a t-test. The study findings are as follows 1. The majority of respondents were mostly female, single and aged under 30 years old. Most respondents had Bachelor Degree in Education, were professional employees and earned income less than 20,000 US$ per year. The dominant characteristics are western (England, Germany, Russia, Sweden, Norway and Australia, respectively), spending from 10 to 20 days in Thailand, travelling alone, and their visit was mainly influenced by the nature and climate. Furthermore, most of them claimed the significant sources of Thailand information were their friends and social media, respectively. The social media they accessed regarding Thailand information, they mainly mentioned websites i.e., www.lonelyplanet.com and www. tripadvisor.com, respectively.Travel public relations agencies most used personal media or word of mouth, followed by social media especially the website www. lonelyplanet.com and www.tripadvisor.com.(2) Most respondents positively perceived ideal images of Thailand and reported positive perceived images of Thailand with very good level in all aspects. Significantly, the various kinds of food was given the highest score of both ideal and perceived images of Thailand. (3) The comparison between ideal images and perceived images of Thailand reveals that after travelling the scores given to an aspect of various kinds of food decreased, while the highest scores were given to an aspect of natural resources and environment. (4)The hypothesis test showed the difference in ten aspects between ideal images and perceived images of Thailand including aspects of natural resources and environment, safety of places, various kinds of food, excellence of hotels, worthiness of shopping, reasonability of service prices, information for travel, residential information, discounts for travel, and information publication for tourists by agencies and/or government organizations.
Perspective of Women between Two Cultures in France in the 18 Century and China in the 20 Century from the Queen’s Confession by Vitoria Holt and the Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Teeradet Chuenpraphanusorn; Prakit Bhulapatna; Ongorn Snguayat
The objective of this research was to study the perspective of women from the Queen’s Confession by Vitoria Holt and the Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck. The analytical method from two novels, the history, patriarchy concept and feminism concepts were implemented in this investigation. Analysis was conducted using four conceptual frame works: the women's role, women’s values, social disparity or inequality and other social factors. The results found that; 1) the concept of the women’s role, especially, the political bargaining can be seen in The Queens’s Confession, but in The Good Earth, the women were an exploitation tool for their family. In regard to being a follower; the two novels had similar ideas in the “arranged marriage”. Moreover, in the genealogy aspect, the women of the two novels had the same status in order to produce heirs for the male’s family and taking care of the family. 2) with the women’s values aspect, it was obviously found in the Queen’s Confession, especially the main characters were bullied regarding ethnic issues. But in the Chinese society under the concept of “the body under an orchestration”, can be initiated from the women, who were suffering in a value of beauty such as foot binding. 3) In the concept of the social disparity; the women tyrannical by the social class and gender, can be found with the high and low social status of the woman. Also, in the concept of the women under the social pressure; the two novels had the same believes in the patriarchal concept. It is no great surprise that the man was also a big person of the family from the past until now. Lastly, 4) In the aspect of other elements of society that effect women; mainly in the moral and customary issues, it used to be a strong social frame to control the women of the two novels such as not being able to make decisions by herself, but only permitted women to function in the family role.
Biber’s Corpus-based Multidimensional Analysis to Investigate Lexico-grammatical Patterns and the Underlying Communicative Functions
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Woravit Kitjaroenpaiboon; Benjamas Khamsakul; Samniang Fahkrajang; Sutan Mumdaeng; Prissana Fongsarun; Wilasinee Ploylermsaeng; Witchaya Tiyapongprapbhan
Douglas Biber is a veteran in corpus linguistics which is a field of linguistics studying natural written or spoken languages to better understand how the language is used and now is attracting numerous linguists’ interests. One salient contribution of corpus linguistics for present linguistic studies is that it helps reveal lexicogrammatical patterns (or grammatical collocations) naturally used in the language together with their underlying communicative functions. Biber is said to be a pioneer in this field of study and to have employed a statistical approach (Multidimensional Analysis: MA) to investigate lexico-grammatical collocations in his corpus of written and spoken discourses. This paper thus elaborates to what extent Biber’s Corpus-based Multidimensional Analysis has contributed to studies in the field. After reviewing literatures related to the topic, the writers of this paper found that numerous scholars have agreed that Biber’s Corpus-based Multidimensional Analysis is relatively good for studying lexico-grammatical patterns and their communicative functions and can further be applied for other studies particularly in the corpus linguistics field.
Gastronomy Tourism in Ayutthaya World Heritage from Tourist’s Perspective
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Pannee Suanpang; Jiranuch Sopa; Apiradee Arnmanee; Jatupon Dongjit
Gastronomy tourism is typically characterized as the pursuit of a unique experience of eating and drinking in the originality of a dish and is indigenous to a place, region, or country, covers the basic themes of local dishes. The gastronomy tourism in Ayutthaya, Thailand has high potential especially in the many activities that link to World Heritage site, therefore it requires a study of the tourist ‘perception and motivation for travel. The aim of this study consist of the following: (1) study tourist’s motivation for gastronomy tourism in Ayutthaya World Heritage and (2) Conduct a factor analysis of the tourist’s motivation for gastronomy tourism in Ayutthaya World Heritage. A quantitative research approach was conducted by collecting data from 385 questionnaires. The results found that (1) tourist’s motivation to visit Ayutthaya was to make merit and pay respect to the Buddha followed by gastronomy tourism and their search for food information from food review pages. The gastronomy activities that tourists are interested in consisted of eating by the rivers site and visiting historical sites. Factors affecting the decision to travel to Ayutthaya for gastronomy tourism is a restaurant with good atmosphere and average food cost per meal of 1,000-1,500 baht. (2) The factor affecting motivation in gastronomy tourism in Ayutthaya World Heritage consisted of 1 latent variable and 7 observable variables. The relationship was in the range [0.223, 0.490] and the CFA affecting gastronomy tourism motivation showed that the gastronomy tourism product aspect was the factor affecting motivation has a maximum component weight followed by physical appearance and price, 77.30%, 75.40% and 61.70%, respectively.
The Study of Homestay Management: Key Factors Affecting Homestay Service Expectations in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Jirat Chuanchom; Yutthapong Leelakitpaisarn; Pornpen Traiphong; Sarid Sriyothin; Pimmada Wichasin; Nongluck Popichit; Tananyaphat Srinathiyawasin; Chayapon Chomchaiya
The objective of this research was to study homestay management in correlation with service expectations for homestays and to study the potential of homestay management and the affects to service expectations for homestays. The researcher conducted a random survey of tourist who visited homestays in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The quantitative approach using semi-structured questionnaires to collect data from the sample group that consisted of 400 Thai tourists agedbetween 20-60 years. The statistical tools used in the data analysis included percentage, mean and standard deviation and Cronbach's Alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire at .996. Multiple regression analysis was also used to test the correlation among the variables. The findings showed relationships with the potential of homestay management were correlated with the expectation of service of homestays in accommodating tourists at a high level of .671, and the potential of homestays management of entrepreneurs that affect their service expectations for homestay with a 0.05 level of significance level. As a result, the prediction was presented in the Equation: ŷ = .095 + (.345Fin) + (.072Pro) + (.269Cus) + (.811Learn) means the value of Finance, Customer and Learning & Growth when it increases by 1 unit Y (service expectations for homestay), it increases to .095 + (.345) + (.072) + (.269) + (.811) = 1.592.
Educational Inst itutions’ Disclosure of Financial Report in the Form of Sustainability Report
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Nopporn Peatrat; Sirikorn Rochanasak; Niroumon Suwannasri; Wanrapa konginta
Disclosure of information accompanying financial report, especially information that represents the educational institutions’ sustainability for stakeholders and users of financial reports to have confidence in the educational institution’s learning management and its quality. Therefore, it is imperative that education administrators understand, respond to and meet the expectations and needs of stakeholders by disclosing financial reports information in accordance \with sustainability reporting guidelines. Furthermore, the report can be served as an assessment tool when evaluating the institution’s performance. Other than financial report, stakeholders and related parties can also access to other needed information. The report’s important areas comprise of Environmental Dimension which applies to the impact of the organization have on living and non-living things, including ecosystems, soil, air and water; Social Dimension refers to the impact on social system caused by the organization's operation, and Governance and Economic Dimensions are the impact of the organization has on the overall economic system of stakeholders at the local, national and global levels.
The Art of Statistics Learning from Data
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Nattapan Tantikul; Wanvitu Soranarak
“Statistics is the grammar of Science”, a well-known quote by Karl Pearson who was a prominent British mathematician and statistician and was famously known for Pearson's r (Pearson correlation coefficient), Pearson distribution and Pearson's chi-squared test. Pearson emphasizes the importance of statistics which is the field of learning from data, and the important tool we use to convert raw data into reliable, relevant, and useful information. Due to the rapidly and tremendously increasing volume and complexity of data and information nowadays, the role of statistics in our lives becomes more crucial.
Prototype School on Development of Morals and Ethics for Early Childhood in the 21st Century
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-09) Pornteap Leethong-in; Thipsuda Kitlert; Venus Sakunhom; Mongkolchai Boonkaew
This research aimed to develop an outcome mapping workshop, assesment criteria, and quality assessment of prototype school on the development of morals and ethics for early childhood in the 21st Century. The participants were boundary partners from 4 schools under the Nakhon Nayok Primary Educational Service Area Office, Nakhon Nayok Province, Academic Year 2021, consisting of 20 people; 14 direct partners and 6 strategic partners. Participants wereselected by using purposive sampling technique. The participants attended a 2-day outcome mapping workshop for the prototype school on the development of morals and ethics for early childhood in the 21stcentury. Then, the appropriateness of the outcome mapping workshop was examined in order to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness, and ensure standards of accuracy, suitability, feasibility, and advantages. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and quantitative data was analyzed using basic statistics including percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The results showed that prototype school on the development of morals and ethnics for early childhood in the 21st century consisted of 3 major steps and 12 minor steps. The evaluation criteria for the prototype school on development of the morals and ethics of early childhood in the 21st century consisted of 17 indicators, 88 practical criteria. The quality of the outcome mapping worskhop consisted of two components: 1) the efficiency and effectiveness based on weight of assesesment cirteria before and after the experiement according to the pre and post experiment increased; and 2) the verification of the results and evaluation criteria for standardized outcome mapping was accurate, suitable, and feasible. The overall usefulness was scored at a very good level.
Air Cargo Management: Air Freight and the Global Supply Chain
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-09) Glenn Baxter
Air-cargo transportation has now become increasingly important for global logistics systems (Wen, Xu, Choi & Chung, 2020). As a result, air cargo is a critical part of modern-day supply chains because it provides efficient and timely delivery of typically time sensitive products (Chen & Jiang, 2020). International airlines - like other third-party service providers – now conduct their business not simply within marketplaces but also within corporately structured supply chains reflecting particular logistics functions and spatial pathways (Robinson, 2005). Air cargo is defined as “anything carried in an aircraft except for mail or luggage carried under a passenger ticket and baggage check but including baggage shipped under an airway bill or shipment record” (Hui, Hui & Zhang, 2004).
The Evolution of Qatar Airways in Australia’s International Air Travel Market
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-10) Glenn Baxter
The objective of this study was to examine the evolution of Qatar Airways in Australia’s international air travel market. The study covers the period 2009 to 2021. Qatar Airway’s Australian route network has evolved since the airline first commenced services to Melbourne in 2009. The airline expanded its Australian route network in 2012, when it introduced services to Perth, Western Australia. Adelaide and Sydney were added to the airline’s Australian route network in 2016. In 2018, Canberra joined the airline’s Australian route network. The airline introduced services to Brisbane in 2020, thus giving it five Australian gateway airports. In May 2022, Qatar Airways and Virgin Australia signed a partnership agreement which includes a codeshare agreement and loyalty partnership benefits. The new codeshare agreement will enable Qatar Airways’ passengers to travel to 35 destinations throughout Virgin Australia’s domestic network. In addition, Qatar Airways passengers will also have access to Virgin Australia’s recently relaunched short-haul international markets including Fiji and Queenstown, New Zealand. Qatar Airways inbound and outbound passenger traffic exhibited an upward growth trend from 2009 to 2019. Qatar Airways annual enplaned inbound passengers increased from a low of 2,468 passengers in 2009 to a high of 611,716 passengers in 2019. The airline’s enplaned outbound passengers increased from a low of 2,407 passengers in 2009 to a high of 663,444 passengers in 2019. Importantly, Qatar Airways continued to serve Australia’s international air travel market in both 2020 and 2021. However, the COVID 19 pandemic and the related government response measures had an impact on the airline’s passenger traffic in both 2020 and 2021. The case study also revealed that throughout the study period Qatar Airways deployed larger aircraft types, for example, the Airbus A350-1000 and the Airbus A380, to accommodate the higher levels of passenger demand in the Australian markets that it served.
A Review of Lexico-grammatical Features and their Functions in an Academic Discourse
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-10) Woravit Kitjaroenpaiboon; Samniang Fahkrajang; Prissana Fongsarun; Wilasinee Ploylermsaeng
Successful academic and research writings require correct comprehension of lexical and grammatical uses as a method to understandthe meanings as well as the specific functions in the texts. Woravit Kitjaroenpaiboon and Kanyarat Getkham stated that academic and research writings are not a skill naturally acquired, but needs to be learnt and practiced.. Furthermore, plentiful scholars have proven that some lexical features and grammatical features are found predominantly in the classification not in ordinary language. The lexico-grammatical in this category do not adhere to and are somewhat different from what have been explained in the traditional grammar book. The above statements prove that if one wants to draft an effectively communicative academic or research papers, we should understand how lexico- grammatical function in the particular texts. This paper hence reviews both of related literatures and research studies particularly viewed 23 lexico-grammatical characteristics (i.e. tenses and aspects, passive voice, private, public and suasive verbs, pronouns, downtoners and hedges, possibility, necessity, and prediction modals, synthetic and analytic negations, ‘be’ as main verbs, emphatics, causative subordinations, ‘that’ compliment clauses, wh-clauses, ‘that’ deletion, coordinating conjunctions, sentence relatives, nouns, average word length, type/token ration, predicative and attributive adjectives, adverbs, split auxiliaries, infinitives, gerunds, and participial clauses) in academic and research writings. This review article can benefit researchers who are conducting academic or research papers or others intrigued in investigating specifically underlying communicative functions of a lexico- grammatical feature(s).
Expectancy on Being Older Persons and Self-Preparation for Old Age in Middle-Adults: Bang Phlad, Bangkok Metropolis
(Graphicsite, 2023-06-26) Pragai Jirojanakul; Nipa Leesukol; Renu Kwanyuen; Wanpen Kaewpan
The purposes of this study were to assess the level of expectancy on being older persons and of the self-preparation for old age in middle-aged adults (ages between 35-60 years); and to estimate an equation to predict the self-preparation of middle-aged adults from the demographic factors and the expectancy on being older persons. The sample of 400 persons were recruited from middle-aged adults who were qualified with the predetermined criteria, using multi-stage random sampling technique. Data was collected using the questionnaire, developed by the researchers, consisted of 3 sections: the personal data, the expectancy on being older persons and the self-preparation for old age. The CVIs of sections 2 and 3 of the questionnaire were 0.97 and 1.0 with reliabilities of 0.92 and 0.93 respectively. It was found that the expectancy of the sample on being older persons in general was at a high level (Mean 4.07, S.D. 0.66) and the self-preparation for old age in general was also at a high level (Mean 4.00, S.D. 0.55). The variables, which were analyzed using chi-square tests and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation test and found significantly associated with the self-preparation for old age, were later included to formulate a prediction equation of the dependent variable. The Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the equation that best predicted the self-preparation for old age, with the Coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.467 (R=.685). The equation included independent variables as follows: the expectancy on being older persons on spiritual and physical aspects, working for government/state enterprise/private company, practicing Buddhism, and having education at vocational certificate or higher levels. The implications of research findings and recommendations for future practice were discussed.
Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith.) Tea and the Effects of Brewing Time on Color, Volatile Compounds, Chemical Compositions and Sensory Quality
(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Dudsadee Sapbua; Chalida Cholmaitri
The torch ginger tea made from flower of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith. It is a type of herbal tea (tisanes) with health benefits. The composition of volatile aroma compounds is one of the factors which induce relaxation and charming scent. The purpose of this study was to profile volatile compounds of the torch ginger tea and quality on physical, chemical, and sensory properties of torch ginger tea. The torch ginger tea infusion was prepared by adding 2 and 5 g of torch ginger tea into 100 ml of hot water (95°C) infused for 5 and 10 min and is effected by quantity and brewing time. Results showed that volatile compounds of the dried petal of the torch ginger had the highest abundance that included α-pinene, 1- dodecanol and dodecanal, respectively. The odor description were fresh, sweet, pine earthy and woody. Prolonged brewing time and enrichment quantity of the dried petal of the torch ginger decreased L*(lightness) values but increased positive a* (red) and positive b*(yellow) significantly (p < 0.05). 5 g torch ginger with 10 min brewing time had the highest chemical content consisting of the total phenolic content (206.42 mg GAE/100 g dry weight), the total anthocyanin content (0.887 mg/100 g dry weight), the ascorbic acid (0.602 mg/100 g dry weight) and DPPH (49.38 % inhibition) were significantly (p < 0.05). However, 2 g torch ginger with 10 min brewing time had the chemical content (the total phenolic, the total anthocyanin, the ascorbic acid and DPPH) as well as with the 5 g torch ginger tea with brewing time at 5 min. The sensory properties showed 5 g torch ginger tea with 10 min brewing time had high scores for color, flavor, taste and over all acceptance. Finally, 5 g torch ginger and 10 min brewing time was recommended as the best condition.

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