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A Review of Lexico-grammatical Features and their Functions in an Academic Discourse
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-10) Woravit Kitjaroenpaiboon; Samniang Fahkrajang; Prissana Fongsarun; Wilasinee Ploylermsaeng
Successful academic and research writings require correct comprehension of lexical and grammatical uses as a method to understandthe meanings as well as the specific functions in the texts. Woravit Kitjaroenpaiboon and Kanyarat Getkham stated that academic and research writings are not a skill naturally acquired, but needs to be learnt and practiced.. Furthermore, plentiful scholars have proven that some lexical features and grammatical features are found predominantly in the classification not in ordinary language. The lexico-grammatical in this category do not adhere to and are somewhat different from what have been explained in the traditional grammar book. The above statements prove that if one wants to draft an effectively communicative academic or research papers, we should understand how lexico- grammatical function in the particular texts. This paper hence reviews both of related literatures and research studies particularly viewed 23 lexico-grammatical characteristics (i.e. tenses and aspects, passive voice, private, public and suasive verbs, pronouns, downtoners and hedges, possibility, necessity, and prediction modals, synthetic and analytic negations, ‘be’ as main verbs, emphatics, causative subordinations, ‘that’ compliment clauses, wh-clauses, ‘that’ deletion, coordinating conjunctions, sentence relatives, nouns, average word length, type/token ration, predicative and attributive adjectives, adverbs, split auxiliaries, infinitives, gerunds, and participial clauses) in academic and research writings. This review article can benefit researchers who are conducting academic or research papers or others intrigued in investigating specifically underlying communicative functions of a lexico- grammatical feature(s).
A Study of Ideal and Perceived Images of Thailand Based on Inbound Tourists Perception
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Nuchruedee Rooymai
This research had two aims, (1) to determine information sources influencing inbound tourist’s perception on the ideal image of Thailand (images of Thailand before visiting) and (2) to compare between ideal and perceived images (images of Thailand after travelling). Data was gathered from 400 inbound tourists who had experiences in travelling in Thailand. Selection of respondents of inbound tourists, by accidental sampling at Suvannabhum Airport 250 respondents and at Don Muang Airport 150 respondents. The research tools used in the study were structured questionnaires. The statistics for test the hypothesis “The ideal and perceived image of Thailand is significantly different” is a t-test. The study findings are as follows 1. The majority of respondents were mostly female, single and aged under 30 years old. Most respondents had Bachelor Degree in Education, were professional employees and earned income less than 20,000 US$ per year. The dominant characteristics are western (England, Germany, Russia, Sweden, Norway and Australia, respectively), spending from 10 to 20 days in Thailand, travelling alone, and their visit was mainly influenced by the nature and climate. Furthermore, most of them claimed the significant sources of Thailand information were their friends and social media, respectively. The social media they accessed regarding Thailand information, they mainly mentioned websites i.e., www.lonelyplanet.com and www. tripadvisor.com, respectively.Travel public relations agencies most used personal media or word of mouth, followed by social media especially the website www. lonelyplanet.com and www.tripadvisor.com.(2) Most respondents positively perceived ideal images of Thailand and reported positive perceived images of Thailand with very good level in all aspects. Significantly, the various kinds of food was given the highest score of both ideal and perceived images of Thailand. (3) The comparison between ideal images and perceived images of Thailand reveals that after travelling the scores given to an aspect of various kinds of food decreased, while the highest scores were given to an aspect of natural resources and environment. (4)The hypothesis test showed the difference in ten aspects between ideal images and perceived images of Thailand including aspects of natural resources and environment, safety of places, various kinds of food, excellence of hotels, worthiness of shopping, reasonability of service prices, information for travel, residential information, discounts for travel, and information publication for tourists by agencies and/or government organizations.
A Study of the Optimal Conditions for Extracting and Precipitating Silica from Rice Husk Using the Hydrothermal Method in a Base Medium
(Graphicsite, 2024-04-30) Orapin Komutiban; Jantharat Wutisatwongkul; Sorasutee Buapool; Khwunjit Itsarasook; Piyanuch Prompamorn; Jittarawadee Tanghiranra; Piyaporn Waranusantigul
This research investigated the extraction and precipitation methods of silica from rice husk using hydrothermal treatment under basic conditions. It was observed that by subjecting raw rice husk and black rice husk ash to burnt at a temperature of 700°C for 6 hr raw rice husk yielded 10.68%, while black rice husk yielded 85.40%. The optimal condition for extracting silica is 1 molar of sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 100°C for 6 hr. Silica extracted from raw materials that have undergone acid pretreatment yields a higher quantity compared to silica from untreated raw materials. However, the raw rice husk, burnt raw rice husk, black rice husk ash and burnt black rice husk ash have silica % of 16.20, 77.60, 63.10 and 89.0, respectively. When the extracted silica was analyzed for its physical characteristics using an inverted microscope, it was observed that silica subjected to acid pretreatment exhibits uniformly sized particles. The examination of particle size using the extraction method revealed that the silica particles were smaller than 53 μm and when all extracted silica was analyzed for functional groups using the FT-IR technique, the siloxane group (Si-O-Si) was found in the wavenumber range of 1,090-801 cm-¹. Additionally, the hydroxyl group (-OH) was observed at the wavenumber of 3,400 cm-¹. After conducting Brunauer–Emmett–Teller Analysis (BET analysis) on silica obtained from burnt rice husk and burnt black rice husk ash, both untreated and treated with HCl, it was found that the pore diameter of the extracted silica ranged from 8.14 to 19.15 nm. This suggests that the silica possesses mesoporous characteristics. Furthermore, the acid-leached silica exhibited a decrease in particle size and an increase in surface area. Specifically, the silica derived from burnt rice husk and treated with HCl demonstrated particle size and surface area values that closely resembled those of commercial-grade silica. When studying the effectiveness of silica in adsorbing methylene blue, the findings showed that the extracted silica demonstrates better adsorption capability for methy lene blue compared to commercial silica. The adsorption values ranged from 1302.49 to 1706.35 mg MB/g, representing 65.78-86.17%. From the investigation of the isotherm for methylene blue adsorption with the extracted silica, it is evident that the adsorption conforms to Freundlich model, indicating a multilayer adsorption behaviour. The method of extracting and precipitating silica through hydrothermal treatment under basic conditions proves to be an effective approach for preparing micro-sized silica particles.
Air Cargo Management: Air Freight and the Global Supply Chain
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-09) Glenn Baxter
Air-cargo transportation has now become increasingly important for global logistics systems (Wen, Xu, Choi & Chung, 2020). As a result, air cargo is a critical part of modern-day supply chains because it provides efficient and timely delivery of typically time sensitive products (Chen & Jiang, 2020). International airlines - like other third-party service providers – now conduct their business not simply within marketplaces but also within corporately structured supply chains reflecting particular logistics functions and spatial pathways (Robinson, 2005). Air cargo is defined as “anything carried in an aircraft except for mail or luggage carried under a passenger ticket and baggage check but including baggage shipped under an airway bill or shipment record” (Hui, Hui & Zhang, 2004).
An Investigation of the Language used on Signage in Japanese Town on Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok through the Lens of Linguistic Landscape
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Gornkrit Meemongkol; Sutsawad Jandum
This study investigates the language diversities and Japanese language usage reflected on the signage found in Japanese town on Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok. A qualitative research method was used, with which samples were collected by taking fifty photos of signage along five alleys on Sukhumvit Road with Japanese script appearing on them. The framework of Landry & Bourhis (1997) was employed in this study. The results show that Japanese has an important role in the multilingual area of Sukhumvit Road whereas English was used as the international language. Moreover, Thai language appeared on the signage as the national language but English was still the main language used to communicate with the target customers of various nationalities. It is inferred that most people in the area understand everyday English well. Additionally, the signage of Japanese restaurants was the most prominent and most of them represent Japanese culture. In addition, horizontal text was evident in the system of writing. This may be influenced by the Thai writing system as well as the Western languages. Furthermore, Kanji scripts were the most used on the signage compared to Hiragana and Katakana scripts. Overall, Kanji, as the picture scripts of Japanese language, may convey the meaning of lexical words to readers effectively.
Antimicrobial Effect of Deodorant Products Containing Rhinacanthus nasutus Extract for Reducing Armpit Odor
(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Nartlada Onvimol; Rittipun Rungruang; Surapha Modsuwan; Tasanee Panichakul
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of developing a roll-on deodorant that can reduce armpit microbiota bacteria to decrease armpit odor. The richest apocrine sweat glands in the armpit region secrete a variety of odor precursors that are transformed into volatile odoriferous substances by bacterial enzymes on the skin surface. The dominant armpits microbiota included four groups of bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Propionibacterium spp., and also fungi or yeasts. Two formulas of the roll-on deodorant products, RDEOF-1 and RDEOF-2 were developed. RDEOF-2 contained an ethanolic extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz leaves inhibited several microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Sixteen healthy volunteers showed satisfactory assessment for RDEOF-2 that was greater than RDEOF-1. Armpit bacteria were collected by swab method and armpit odor was evaluated by ASTM method. Results showed dominant bacteria of two genera including Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. in all swab samples that mainly cause armpit odor. Armpit bacterial numbers before using deodorants were high in the range of 2x103 to 9x105 (CFU/mL). After applying RDEOF-1 and RDEOF-2, bacterial numbers decreased in the range of 1x103 to 8x105 and 3x102 to 4x105 (CFU/mL), respectively. Armpit bacteria were found in males more than in females. Deodorant products containing R. nasutus extract have been shown to reduce the bacteria that cause armpit odor. Therefore, the development of the deodorant product with natural plant extracts is warranted.
Antioxidant Activities and Cytotoxicity Effect on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Calyces Extracts and W/O/W Emulsion Loaded Extract for Cosmetic Applications
(Graphicsite, 2023-11-11) Khwunjit Itsarasook; Piyanuch Prompamorn; Jittarawadee Tanghiranrat; Kanlayaporn Chantree; Itsaret Itsarasuk
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity effect on normal human dermal fibroblasts of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx extracts and to load with the roselle extract in the inner phase of water in oil in water multiple emulsion for application in facial cosmetic. The extracts of dried roselle calyces were prepared by a maceration technique using ethanol/water at concentrations of 30%, 70%, 95% and 0% (100% DI water). Obtained results showed that the 30% ethanolic extract had a higher amount of total phenolic and anthocyanin content than other extracts. According to the DPPH and ABTS assays, the 30% ethanolic extract exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity higher than other extracts with an IC50 value of 0.432±0.001 mg/mL and 0.0855±0.01 mg/mL, respectively. The formulation of water in oil in water multiple emulsion containing the roselle calyx extract was prepared by a beaker method with twostep emulsification. The prepared multiple emulsion showed a light pink color with homogeneously formula. The physiochemical stability of the prepared formula was evaluated at accelerated conditions; room temperature (30±5ºC), low temperature (4±1ºC) and high temperature (40±1ºC) for 30 days and 6 cycles of freeze (-25ºC, 24 h)-thaw (4ºC, 24 h). Results found that the tested formula showed a good physicochemical stability compared to the initial condition. All finding suggests possible application for the 30% ethanolic extract of roselle calyces as a natural active ingredient in skin cosmetic products.
Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenolic Compounds and Fucoxanthin of Marine Benthic Diatoms Amphora subtropica BUUC1502 and Thalassiosira sp.
(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Pakawan Setthamongkol; Nisa Siranonthana; Ranchayanee Chalermmueang; Yutthaya Yuyen; Janjarus Watanachote; Rachanimuk Hiransuchalert; Maliwan Kutako
This research’s aim was to study antioxidant activities, total phenolic compounds and fucoxanthin of crude extract of marine benthic diatoms, Amphora subtropica BUUC1502 and Thalassiosira sp. These two diatoms were cultured in a Guillard F/2 media, which was prepared from sea water with a salinity at 30 psu for 8 days. It was found that A. subtropica BUUC1502 shows better growth than Thalassiosira sp. (p<0.05). Whereas the biomass yield of Thalassiosira sp. is higher than of A. subtropica BUUC1502 (p<0.05). The diatoms were extracted using methanol solvent (99.8%). Crude extracts of A. subtropica BUUC1502 and Thalassiosira sp. yielded 0.38±0.01 and 0.36±0.00 g/g DW, respectively. The total phenolic compounds and fucoxanthin of them were similar (p>0.05) with 2.92-3.09 mg GAE/g crude extract and 18.85-19.74 mg/g DW, respectively. The IC50 of DPPH free radical inhibition of crude extracts from A. subtropica BUUC1502 and Thalassiosira sp. is 231.75±40.75 and 179.84±27.90 µg/mL, respectively, while the IC 50 of ABTS free radical inhibition is 68.28±7.31 and 46.90±1.83 µg/mL, respectively. The results of this research show that these two marine benthic diatoms may be an antioxidant source that can be used in various related fields.
Antioxidant Activity and Allelopathic Potential of Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx on Germination and Growth of Neptunia javanica Miq. seeds
(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Wipa Tupchiangmai; Wantana Mongkolvisut
The research objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, the allelopathic potential on germination growth of Neptunia javanica Miq. seeds and the total phenolic content (TPC) of crude extracts and fractions from Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. In this research, the ethanol crude extracts of leaves (LE), stems (SE) and roots (RE) from L. nodiflora were subjected to study the antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the allelopathic potential on germination seeds of N. javanica. The RE extract had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 136.87 ppm. The allelopathic effect of LE extract at a concentration of 20 mg/mL completely inhibited the seed germination of N. javanica. The LE fractions were separated by liquid-liquid partition with hexane and ethyl acetate system to afford the leaf hexane fraction (LH), leaf ethyl acetate fraction (LEtOAc) and leaf hydroethanolic fraction (LW). The antioxidant, TPC and allelopathic activities of all fractions were investigated. The antioxidant activity of LW (158.21) and LEtOAc (175.45) fractions were better than those of LE (296.87) extracts, while LH fraction showed the lowest antioxidant activity at 722.08 ppm. The active allelopathic compounds in LEtOAc at a concentration of 10 mg/mL showed complete inhibition of radicle and hypocotyl on germination seed growth and 50% of seed growth inhibition (IC50) was 3.14 mg/mL. Crude extracts and fractions showed more inhibited radicle growth than hypocotyl growth of N. javanica seeds. The TPC of leaves crude extracts and fractions were the highest. Interestingly, the total phenolic content of LEtOAc fraction, was the highest (0.072 mg GAE/g) that was related to the good allelopathic properties, compared with other fractions and crude extracts. Our results indicate that the ethanolic crude extracts and an ethyl acetate fraction of L. nodiflora leaves can be applied to weed control, especially for N. javanica.
Behaviours of Thai People Amid Covid-19 Pandemic
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Sirote Pholpuntin; Sukhum Chaleysub; Nongluck Chotevithayathanin; Pornpan Buathong
Amid the pandemic of Coronavirus 19 or Covid-19 in 2021, Suan Dusit Poll, Suan Dusit University has conducted opinion surveys on Thai people from April to June 2021 encompassing 13 topics and 24,846 samples. The survey results have reflected on the behaviours of Thai people amid the Covid-19 pandemic into 3 dimensions, namely, (1) emotion and feeling towards Covid-19 situation – Thais think the third wave of Covid-19 pandemic rapidly spread in various areas, it is scared than the two previous pandemics leading to feeling stressed, worried, anxious, worse, and despairing, (2) social and way of life – Thais cling into more social media; however, they choose to trust television media more than other media. The more they addict to the news, the more they feel anxious and stressed. They spend a lot on surgical masks and alcohol, focus on cooking and eating at their home, and love to work from home and the workplace equally. Also, they think online learning for their kids are not ready, and (3) Thai economy – Thai people do not spend their money more even though the Thai government has provided monetary compensation to assist under various kinds of projects and measurements.
Biber’s Corpus-based Multidimensional Analysis to Investigate Lexico-grammatical Patterns and the Underlying Communicative Functions
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Woravit Kitjaroenpaiboon; Benjamas Khamsakul; Samniang Fahkrajang; Sutan Mumdaeng; Prissana Fongsarun; Wilasinee Ploylermsaeng; Witchaya Tiyapongprapbhan
Douglas Biber is a veteran in corpus linguistics which is a field of linguistics studying natural written or spoken languages to better understand how the language is used and now is attracting numerous linguists’ interests. One salient contribution of corpus linguistics for present linguistic studies is that it helps reveal lexicogrammatical patterns (or grammatical collocations) naturally used in the language together with their underlying communicative functions. Biber is said to be a pioneer in this field of study and to have employed a statistical approach (Multidimensional Analysis: MA) to investigate lexico-grammatical collocations in his corpus of written and spoken discourses. This paper thus elaborates to what extent Biber’s Corpus-based Multidimensional Analysis has contributed to studies in the field. After reviewing literatures related to the topic, the writers of this paper found that numerous scholars have agreed that Biber’s Corpus-based Multidimensional Analysis is relatively good for studying lexico-grammatical patterns and their communicative functions and can further be applied for other studies particularly in the corpus linguistics field.
Characteristics of Flattened Rice Flour Used with Daifuku
(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Yotsinee Huadong; Tita Foophow
Flattened rice, an immature sticky rice product, contains high nutritional values and bioactive compounds. Based on its health values, this rice has been used as a functional ingredient in food. The objective of this study was to characterize the properties of sticky rice flour with substitution of flattened rice flour at 0-100% on Daifuku. Flattened rice flour was green-yellow in color and had very low amylose content (3.34%). The starch granule of flattened rice flour revealed an apparent pigment of phenolic compound and/or chlorophyll. According to pasting properties, peak viscosity, trough viscosity and breakdown of flattened rice flour were less than that of sticky rice flour. The FTIR spectra patterns of flattened rice flour showed it consisted of sticky rice polysaccharide structure as the main proportion. Daifuku with flattened rice flour at 75% had the highest sensory scores in all attributes especially in overall acceptance and texture. For nutritional analysis based on the calculated data, Daifuku with flattened rice flour had higher contents of calcium, iron and vitamin B1 than the control Daifuku. Therefore, the favorable properties of flattened rice flour and Daifuku are useful for further nutritional food product development.
Comparison of Pebbles Growing Media from Agricultural Waste Materials on Productivity Growth of Melon (cv. Orange Man and cv. Galia 248) Cultivated in Greenhouse Conditions
(Graphicsite, 2024-04-26) Yuttaya Yuyen; Suchaya Kiattiprajuksa
The objective of this research project was to compare the results from the use of pebbles growing media made from agricultural waste suitable for the growth and productivity of two cultivars, Orange Man melon and Galia 248 melon in a greenhouse. Pebbles growing media could reduce cost from the traditional material used for growing melon and have higher productivity for farmers. The experiment was divided into 5 experimental sets, namely, set that uses 100% of pebbles from agricultural waste (T1), set that uses normal planting material(coconut husk and chopped coconut coir in the ratio of 2 to 1), 25% mixed with pebbles from agricultural waste at 75% (T2), 50% mixed with pebbles from agricultural waste at 50% (T3), 75% mixed with pebbles from agricultural waste at 25% (T4), and normal planting material 100% (T5).The research methodology is CRD, with one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, the pair test with Scheffe’s method to compare the difference that affects fruit weight of the melon at 42 days after pollination was used. The comparison of the means and standard deviation were performed by Scheffe’s method at P ≤ 0.05 significance level. From the growth and productivity records of two cultivars melon, it was found that the experimental set that is most suitable is T2 which gave high yield of fruit width, fruit length, fruit weight and Brix value. Orange Man cultivars grown with T2 exhibited the average fruit width, fruit length, fruit weight and Brix value at 23.6±1.8 cm, 23.7±1.9 cm, 1.9±0.1 kg and 16±0.0° Brix, respectively. Galia 248 cultivars grown with T2 exhibited the average fruit width, fruit length, fruit weight and Brix value at 23.2±0.8 cm, 24.4±1.2 cm, 1.9±0.1 kg and 15±0.6° Brix, respectively. These results indicated that the factors of cultivar and treatment at the time of pollination are not different from each other with the statistical significance and confidence level of 95% compared with melons grown with T5 (normal planting material). These findings can lead to benefit farmers by reducing the cost of growing material for as much as 75% per time. The new material are easily manageable as well as having a long service life.
Crisp Bhutan Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius): A Potential Innovative Product for Commercialization
(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Ubol Chuensumran; Att Khunsee
This research was undertaken to create therapeutic mushroom products and disseminate knowledge to entrepreneurs. The researchers along with a community created product design and distribution channels and developed a brand for medicinal mushroom products based on the community's identity. Bhutanese oyster mushrooms were used to create mushroom products that consisted of Bhutanese oyster mushroom (88%), sugar (5%), vegetable oil (3%), soy sauce (2%), coriander seeds (1%) and salt (1%).The production method was conducted by to washing the mushrooms thoroughly, squeezing the water out and setting them aside; then mixing all ingredients together and dry in a hot air oven at 60°C for 90 min. Then the batter was fried in hot oil at 90-95°C for 5 min, and then placed in the oven at 150°C for 20 min to crisp and reduce the surface moisture of the product. The sensory preference (7.80 – 8.80 points) was at a high level. Moreover, the knowledge can be transferred to entrepreneurs to implement in real production. It is a product that has the potential to be marketed for distribution as a health food with an emphasis on semi-premium marketing which can be differentiated by demonstrating the value and nutrients of Bhutanese oyster mushrooms. This research included designing aesthetic, outstanding and unique packaging to create the identity for the community. Furthermore, a brand of medicinal mushroom products called “Hed Khik Khak or Giggling Mushrooms” was created. The feedback acceptance (99%) was at a high level. The product has been registered under the trademark for Klong Chik Sub-district Community Enterprise to be used with therapeutic mushroom products in the future.
Development of a Nutritious Instant Soup for the Elderly: Thai Chicken Soup with Coconut and Galangal (Tom Kha Gai)
(Graphicsite, 2024-12-12) Varaporn Vittayaporn; Penake Supsin; Weerapong Wirunthanakrit
This research aims to develop a Thai-flavored instant soup product familiar to Thai seniors. Ranked as the highest on the list of the best chicken soups in the world, Thai Chicken Soup with Coconut and Galangal, or Tom Kha Gai, topped the TasteAtlas global food mapping site in 2023 (Bangkok Post, 2023). The ingredients of the soup are primarily vegetables and herbs with high nutritional value, including king oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, straw mushrooms, kaffir lime leaves and galangal. The production process of the instant soup was studied, and the results showed that, among the different drying techniques, the freeze-drying method was able to preserve the sensory characteristics of the soup better than the drum-drying technique (p≤0.05). The results indicated that the instant Tom Kha Gai soup with emulsion powder encapsulated with vitamin B1, B2, B12, and folate had substantially higher levels of these nutrients (p≤0.05) compared to the instant Tom Kha Gai soup without the emulsion supplements, while maintaining similar dietary fiber content. The consumer acceptance test showed a high perceived liking for the instant Tom Kha Gai with a score of “Like Very Much” (7.4±1.1). Furthermore, 89% of the consumers accepted the product, and 86% expressed their willingness to purchase it if available for sale. Therefore, the development of the nutritional Thai-flavored instant soup successfully met the demands of elderly and health-oriented consumers.
Development of Healthy Ready-to-Cook Sauce for Thai Food
(Graphicsite, 2023-11-11) Varaporn Vittayaporn; Ekapon Onnompun; Weerapong Wirunthanakrit
Being widely popular both internal and external to Thailand in the meantime, Thai cuisine is characterised by the use of herbs and spices as a part of the ingredients to provide their unique flavors. However, due to the vast variety in its ingredients and the delicacy in preparing or even the difficulty in acquiring the ingredients indicated in the formula, the flavors of the dish are very likely to be distorted from authenticity. This research therefore aims to develop ready-to-cook sauces for Thai food to increase convenience for consumers and to survey consumers’ acceptance of these products. Additionally, tea seed oil and powdered Gac are also utilised for their health-wise beneficial values. The developed ready-to-cook sauces include Pad Thai sauce and Ka Phrao (Holy basil) sauce. The result of product acceptance test indicated that consumers rated the liking scores for Pad Thai sauce and Ka Phrao sauce in the range between like moderately and like very much (8.2±1.3 and 7.8±1.2). Over 92% of the consumers accepted the both sauce products, and more than 89 % decided to purchase the products. Hence, the development of the healthy ready-to-cook sauce products is viable for commercial distribution.
Development of Horse Mango (Mangifera foetida) Jam and Consumer Acceptance
(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Saowapan Palasuwan; Dudsadee Sapbua
The purposes of this research were to develop horse mango (Mangifera foetida Lour.) jam, to investigate the quality of the developed jam and consumer acceptance of horse mango jam. The methodology of research was conducted by studying three concentration levels (35%,45% and 55%) of ripe horse mango flesh suitable to be processed into horse mango jam and evaluating the jam properties: physical, chemical and microbiological quality and consumer acceptance of the jam. The experimental results indicated that ripe horse mango flesh could be suitably processed as jam, and that horse mango also had a unique smell. Furthermore, the quality of horse mango jam was investigated by measuring the quality of jam according to the Thai Community Product Standard (TCPS) criteria for coloring (L*a* b*) and spreadability used to deform the jam, it was found that 3 horse mango jams are concentrated in terms of color, odor and flavor, according to TCPS criteria: L*, a* decreased and b* increased when the concentration of horse mango jam increased. The texture of the jam decreased when the concentration of horse mango increased. Horse mango jam selection by sensory evaluation from 50 panelists found that horse mango jam 55% received the most favorable rating in terms of color, odor, flavor and overall liking and there was a significant difference with 35%, 45% jam (p <0.05). When using 55% horse mango jam for chemical and microbiological quality, it was found that jam contains the amount of β-carotene at 1.04 g, moisture at 28.5 g, ash 0.56 g protein 0.45 g, carbohydrate and fat 0.73 g per 100 grams of horse mango jam. The amount of microbes detected was not up to the standard of TCPS. For the acceptance of 100 consumers, consumers accepted 97% of jam and decided to buy horse mango jam at 76%.
Development of Sai Krok E-san Kai (Chicken Fermented Sausages) with Riceberry Rice
(Graphicsite, 2023-09-26) Ekapon Onnompun; Pawitra Pasurakul; Bencharat Prapluettrakul; Nuchanart Kulawit; Pornyupan Pornsuksawat; Weerapong Wirunthanakrit; Varaporn Vittayaporn
This research aims to (1) study the ratios of sticky rice to Riceberry rice in Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice, at 70:30, 50:50 and 0:100 (2) compare the nutritional value between control Sai Krok E-san Kai and Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice and (3) carry out consumers’ acceptance test of Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice. The study showed that the most accepted ratio of sticky rice to Riceberry rice is 50:50, with overall liking score of 7.48±1.14 (moderately like to like very much). From the comparison of nutritional value in control Sai Krok E-san Kai and Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice, it was found that the control sample had 181.29 kcal of energy, 8.29 g fat, 13.12 g carbohydrate, 2.58 g dietary fiber, 0.45 mg iron and 0.69 mg zinc. On the other hand, Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice had 163.65 kcal of energy, 7.49 g fat, 10.34 g carbohydrate, 4.86 g dietary fiber, 0.97 mg iron and 0.75 mg zinc. Moreover, the consumer acceptance test of Sai Krok E-san Kai with Riceberry rice showed that, out of 100 panelists, 89% accepted the product and 75% decided that they would purchase the product.
Digital Business Transformation : Digital Culture Before Technology
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-07) Pornchanit Kaew-nate
This article is a study to highlight that digital transformation is something that businesses cannot avoid. However, the transition is not just about adopting the technology. The organizational leaders must also understand that the condition for transitional success is a harmonious change of people, systems, and contexts. This academic paper studies three issues: 1) Concept of Digital Thailand 2) Concept of Digital transformation 3) Promotion of personnel in organizations to have skills and digital culture. The study shows that digital transformation can be successful if important aspects are implemented. The principle aspects are the self-review of the organization from the vision, strategy, operational processes and value delivered to the customer as well as determining where the organization is in the digital age industry to see why there are operational delays and, most importantly, to see the qualifications of organizational leaders who need to understand digital transformation. All of this is the corporate culture in the digital transformation era, not just buying or importing technology into the organization without considering other elements. However, the definition of the word “Digital culture” is also diverse. In this academic article, it is used to define the meaning of “Digital culture” which refers to a modern corporate culture that focuses on changing the work and way of thinking of the people in the organization.
Educational Inst itutions’ Disclosure of Financial Report in the Form of Sustainability Report
(Graphicsite, 2023-05-08) Nopporn Peatrat; Sirikorn Rochanasak; Niroumon Suwannasri; Wanrapa konginta
Disclosure of information accompanying financial report, especially information that represents the educational institutions’ sustainability for stakeholders and users of financial reports to have confidence in the educational institution’s learning management and its quality. Therefore, it is imperative that education administrators understand, respond to and meet the expectations and needs of stakeholders by disclosing financial reports information in accordance \with sustainability reporting guidelines. Furthermore, the report can be served as an assessment tool when evaluating the institution’s performance. Other than financial report, stakeholders and related parties can also access to other needed information. The report’s important areas comprise of Environmental Dimension which applies to the impact of the organization have on living and non-living things, including ecosystems, soil, air and water; Social Dimension refers to the impact on social system caused by the organization's operation, and Governance and Economic Dimensions are the impact of the organization has on the overall economic system of stakeholders at the local, national and global levels.

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