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Item Effect of zeolite on mechanical and barrier properties of pbat films for life extension of agricultural products(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2020) Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Kamonchanok Wongsuton; Chonlada Jaiaue; Nattanan Rakkietwinai; Amnard Stittatrakul; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comIn this research, the biodegradable film of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) would be used as the polymer matrix. The influence of zeolite (as the filler) type and content were investigated on the mechanical and barrier properties of film packaging. Zeolite was treated with (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane. Films were produced by cast film extruder. Effects of different types of zeolite (5A and 13X) as well as zeolite loading (1-5 wt%) on mechanical properties and permeability of gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor) of PBAT composites films have been extensively studied. Tensile properties of PBAT incorporated with zelolite 5A are higher than the one with zeolite 13X. In addition, increasing zeolite content into PBAT film is likely to improve YoungÕs modulus with the sacrifices of both tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break of PBAT film. For barrier properties, PBAT/zeolite 5A possessed lower permeation both of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases than PBAT/zeolite 13X. The effect of zeolite content plays a major role on oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability of composite films. PBAT/zeolite composite film could certainly extend the ripening period of Homthong bananas for approximately longer than one week. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.Item Effect of mixture ratio of food waste and vetiver grass on biogas production(Chulalongkorn University - Environmental Research Institute, 2020) Mayura Srikanlayanukul; Parinda Suksabye; M. Srikanlayanukul; Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; email: mayura@mju.ac.thThe objectives of this research were to study the optimum percentage ratios of food waste and vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizaniodes (L.) Nash) for biogas production and process stability in anaerobic digestion system. The nine mixture ratios of food waste (FM) and vetiver grass (VG) were 100:0, 80:20, 75:25, 66.67:33.33, 50:50, 33.33:66.67, 25:75, 20:80 and 0:100. The biogas production was subjected to anaerobic batch with working volume of 1.8 L and had digestion time 60 d at 35 ± 2 ¡C. High specific methane yield of 0.30 L g-1 VS removed was obtained from the fermentation at ratio of FW:VG at 80:20 with C/N ratio of 28.20. The specific methane yield of the single digestion of food waste (100:0) and single digestion of vetiver grass (0:100) were only 0.18 and 0.11 L g-1 VS removed, respectively. It was found that the cumulative methane production of FW: VG ratio of 80:20 was increased 34.89% and 96.93% compared to single substrate of food waste and vetiver grass, respectively. The results also showed the highest COD, VS and TS removal with a percentage ratio of FW: VG at 80:20, while the single vetiver grass digestion was the lowest COD, VS and TS removal. VFAs/Total alkalinity ratio of all ratio of food waste to vetiver at digestion time 40 d remained in 0.0895±0.0007 to 0.1944±0.0027 were steadied for this digester. It can be concluded that co-digestion of food waste and vetiver improve the biogas yield and degradation efficiency. © 2020, Chulalongkorn University - Environmental Research Institute. All rights reserved.Item The royal intention to produce works of art in king Vajiravudh's reign(Silpakorn University, 2020) Nuaon Khrouthongkhieo; N. Khrouthongkhieo; Art Education Program, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand; email: lekkhrouthongkhieo@hotmail.comThe aim of this research is to study: 1) the influence of local and global contexts on artists' creations 2) artistic patterns created in the reign of King Vajiravudh 3) King Vajiravudh's own intentions. The research uses historical research approaches, which are as follow: 1) Study primary and secondary documents related to the context of art during the reign of King Vajiravudh, such as the writings involving royal histories and the analysis of royal art in both concept and style. 2) Select the works of art that were created according to His Majesty's wishes and the royal initiative of King Vajiravudh. 3) Analyze and synthesize information about the artistic architectures and objects with the information from documents. The research concludes that artists' creations during King Vajiravudh's period were impacted by the lack of solidarity among Thai citizens and globally by conflicts regarding the denial of monarchy, the dissemination of socialism and democracy, and the First World War. Artistic patterns preferred by King Vajiravudh included Thai traditional art, western art, and the combination of Thai and western art. King Vajiravudh's intentions in making art works were to conceptualize memories through the making of ÒMonumentsÓ, to conduct nationalism, and to preserve, direct and create a Thai identity. The conclusions were based on the context during King Vajiravudh's succession period when he confronted the lack of solidarity among people in the country. He used nationalism to encourage the people's spirit. He created national history and communal memories through memorial sites and monuments with the King at the center. He created art works, both traditional Thai and adaptations of contemporary western styles, as a selection to represent Siam's prosperity and civilization. © 2020 Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies. All rights reserved.Item A preliminary investigation of maintenance contributions to commercial air transport accidents(MDPI AG, 2020) Fatima Najeeb Khan; Ayiei Ayiei; John Murray; Glenn Baxter; Graham Wild; G. Wild; School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, 2612, Australia; email: g.wild@adfa.edu.auAircraft maintenance includes all the tasks needed to ensure an aircraftÕs continuing airworthiness. Accidents that result from these maintenance activities can be used to assess safety. This research seeks to undertake a preliminary investigation of accidents that have maintenance contributions. An exploratory design was utilized, which commenced with a content analysis of the accidents with maintenance contributions (n = 35) in the official ICAO accident data set (N = 1277), followed by a quantitative ex-post facto study. Results showed that maintenance contributions are involved in 2.8 ± 0.9% of ICAO official accidents. Maintenance accidents were also found to be more likely to have one or more fatalities (20%), compared to all ICAO official accidents (14.7%). The number of accidents with maintenance contributions per year was also found to have reduced over the period of the study; this rate was statistically significantly greater than for all accidents (5%/year, relative to 2%/year). Results showed that aircraft between 10 and 20 years old were most commonly involved in accidents with maintenance contributions, while aircraft older than 18 years were more likely to result in a hull loss, and aircraft older than 34 years were more likely to result in a fatality. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item Efficient use of energy resources on Malaysian farms(Econjournals, 2020) Thitinan Chankoson; Kittisak Jermsittiparsert; Thitinant Wareewanich; K. Jermsittiparsert; Contemporary Peasant Society Research Unit, Social Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; email: kittisak.j@chula.ac.thThe purpose of this study is to discover an approach where the outputs of the farms are maximum at the minimal input. Malaysia is well known for its crop (such as rubber, rice, palm oil, tea). Prior studies show that due to the climate change, there are likely chances that the farms of Malaysia will go extinct. In this study, the main focus is to efficiently use the energy resources to save it for the future in a prolonged manner. The data was collected from the website of Department of Statistics Malaysia, Official Portal. The data was taken for rubber and crops category. In order to run the analysis, the non-parametric approach was used, which is also knows as data envelopment analysis. It is used to explore the efficient use of energy resources. The findings suggest that rubber farms are the most technical efficient as compared to other farms. Further, the results show that there are many factors that counts and sums up the efficiency of the farm. Whilst studying the technical efficiency, this study finds that the soil and climate conditions contributes to the efficiency and productivity of the farms. © 2020, Econjournals. All rights reserved.Item Effects of Exercise on Physical Performances among Frail Older Adults: A Review Study(Research and Development Institute Suan Dusit University, 2020) Sattha Prakobchai; Rungnapa Pongkiatchai; Sresuda Wongwiseskul; S. Prakobchai; Faculty of Nursing, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand; email: sattha_pra@dusit.ac.thFrailty is a crucial concept in determining physiological reverses among older adults. Physical frailty can predict the vulnerability for community-dwelling older adults as the functional performance declines. Recently, nurses and health care professionals have implemented the strategies to enhance physical capacity among frail older adults. Even the clinical guidelines of physical activity and exercise recommendations are widely published, older adults still engage in a low level of physical exercise. It is notable that exercise intervention is effective way to prevent frailty. This review indicates that a combination of aerobic, resistance exercise, and multicomponent exercise can improve physical performance such as increase muscle strength, balance, muscle mass, gait speed and prevent falls. Frailty is a reversible condition. Therefore, encouraging older adults to perform physical exercise is needed to maintain physical functioning as well as promote quality of life. Nurses play a significant role in frailty recovering both in hospitals and in aged care facilities. © 2020, Research and Development Institute Suan Dusit University. All rights reserved.Item Examining TouristsÕ Attitude Towards the Religious Tourism in Thailand(GMP Press & Printing Co.,, 2020) Jirawat Anuwichanont; Sirivan Serirat; Panisa Mechinda; Paiboon ArcharungrojTo date, the religious tourism, one of the fastest emerging modes of tourism in Thailand, not only boosts domestic travel but also contributes significantly to the promotion of Dhamma practice to visitors according to Buddhist principles. Consequently, the examination of the factors as well as touristsÕ underlying expectation and perception influencing the religious tourism, including merit-making and Dhamma-practicing tourism, is vital for the sustainable development of this mode of tourism. Thus, this study was aimed to: (1) explore the influence of the activities related to precepts, meditation and wisdom on meritorious actions and defilements of merit-making tourists and Dhamma practitioners; (2) explore the factors influencing overall satisfaction and future behavioral trends of merit-making tourists and Dhamma practitioners; and (3) compare the differences between expectations and perceptions towards tourism activities. The empirical findings supported the activities related to precepts, meditation and wisdom as the determinants of meritorious actions and defilements as hypothesized. It was noted that the attitudes towards merit-making innovations and Dhamma learning and practicing innovations were found to be the most powerful determinants of overall satisfaction and future behavioral trends. Lastly, expectation and perception towards tourism activities were significantly different. Marketing implications were discussed. Copyright © 2020 GMP Press and Printing.Item Morphological and mechanical properties of LDPE film incorporated with sweet basil oil(Applied Mechanics Laboratory, 2020) Poonsub Threeponatkul; Amnard Sittattrakul; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; Jutiporn Sukata; Thitiporn Daowadueng; Phooreerat TawaiThe consumption of the plastic materials for packagings in everyday life has been increased. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) is a primary polymer for film packaging production. One of the innovative film developments is fragrant film with essential oil as additive. However, essential oil is easy to evaporate during process and thus _-cyclodextrin is required for retaining the essential oils. In addition, compatibilizer such as polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) is necessary to enhance the miscibility between polymer and additives. The effect of compatibilizer on morphological and mechanical of LDPE thin films incorporated with sweet basil oil is investigated. The _- cyclodextrin, sweet basil oil and PE-g-MA as compatibilizer are compounded with LDPE using twin-screw extruder. Miscibility of LDPE and _-cyclodextrin is studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is confirmed that interaction between _-cyclodextrin and PE-g-MA has taken place. Films are produced by cast-film extruder and then are characterized by universal testing machine. Young's modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break of LDPE film with sweet basil oil has been increased compared with neat LDPE film. © CCM 2020 - 18th European Conference on Composite Materials. All rights reserved.Item The Stakeholders and Image Building of Academic Institutions(Research and Development Institute Suan Dusit University, 2020) Nopporn Peatrat; Sasithorn Ranabut; Doungduen Wannakul; Subsiri Seniwong Na Ayudhaya; N. Peatrat; Faculty of Education, Suan Dusit University, Lampang Center, Lampang, 52100, Thailand; email: np_peatrat@yahoo.comRelevant stakeholders to academic institutions are essential to the institutionsÕ operations and activities, and potentially receive both positive and negative impact from their institutional activities. As a result, expectation of different groups of stakeholders should be monitored and well managed. The key points consist of the following: determining stakeholders, compilations and analysis of expectations, responding to expectations, monitoring and evaluation. Importantly, the administrators of academic institutions should support the relevant stakeholdersÕ participation. Key factors which administrators needto adhere closely are as follows: First, setting a clear vision and mission that reflects the philosophy and policy of the institution through ways of behavioral observations, symbols and communications. Second, institutional identity must be clearly defined and obviously established. Third, integrated marketing communications by means of internal and external communications should be imposed and acted upon. Fourth, positively creating the image and reputation of the academic institution through stakeholdersÕ engagement, and finally, producing future stakeholders by way of mounting and finding prospects, which could be gained from carrying out effective communication channels between the institution and stakeholders, building positive images and perceptions on identity and reputation of the institution. © 2020, Research and Development Institute Suan Dusit University. All rights reserved.Item On a coupled system of fractional sum-difference equations with p-Laplacian operator(Springer, 2020) Pimchana Siricharuanun; Saowaluck Chasreechai; Thanin Sitthiwirattham; T. Sitthiwirattham; Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand; email: thanin_sit@dusit.ac.thIn this paper, we propose a nonlocal fractional sum-difference boundary value problem for a coupled system of fractional sum-difference equations with p-Laplacian operator. The problem contains both RiemannÐLiouville and Caputo fractional difference with five fractional differences and four fractional sums. The existence and uniqueness result of the problem is studied by using the Banach fixed point theorem. © 2020, The Author(s).Item Learners' oral corrective feedback perceptions and preferences in Thai as a foreign language tertiary setting; [Yabancõ dil olarak Tay dilini š_renen Ÿniversite š_rencilerin sšzlŸ dŸzeltici geribildirim algõlarõ ve tercihleri](Selcuk University, 2020) Watcharapol Wiboolyasarin; Kanokpan Wiboolyasarin; Nattawut Jinowat; W. Wiboolyasarin; Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, Thailand; email: watcharapol_wib@dusit.ac.thThe goal of this research is to investigate the existence of perceptions and preferences among East Asian undergraduate students of Thai. To fill this gap, ninety-nine L2 learners having experience of studying Thai speaking courses at five universities completed an online questionnaire reporting on their recognitions and attitudes. The findings revealed that recast was the most frequently perceived strategy of oral corrective feedback (OCF) that Thai as a foreign language (TFL) students were provided. Explicit correction was the most favoured technique in TFL teaching situations. In a speech, they inclined to be provided with the error correction in private places and would like to be corrected by peers. Considering in terms of the nationalities. An analysis further suggested that some OCF opinions between Chinese and the Korean learners were similar; they tended to prefer clarification request and repetition techniques. In contrast, inattention to error, peer correction, and error correction in public were less preferable among them. © 2020 JLLS and the Authors - Published by JLLS.Item Existence results of fractional deltaÐnabla difference equations via mixed boundary conditions(Springer, 2020) Jiraporn Reunsumrit; Thanin Sitthiwirattham; T. Sitthiwirattham; Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, Thailand; email: thanin_sit@dusit.ac.thIn this article, we purpose existence results for a fractional deltaÐnabla difference equations with mixed boundary conditions by using Banach contraction principle and SchauderÕs fixed point theorem. Our problem contains a nonlinear function involving fractional delta and nabla differences. Moreover, our problem contains different orders in four fractional delta differences, four fractional nabla differences, one fractional delta sum, and one fractional nabla sum. Finally, we present some illustrative examples. © 2020, The Author(s).Item Existence and multiplicity of positive solutions to a system of fractional difference equations with parameters(Springer, 2020) Pimchana Siricharuanun; Saowaluck Chasreechai; Thanin Sitthiwirattham; T. Sitthiwirattham; Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand; email: thanin_sit@dusit.ac.thWe consider a fractional difference-sum boundary problem for a system of fractional difference equations with parameters. Using the Banach fixed point theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions. We also prove the existence of at least one and two solutions by using the KrasnoselskiiÕs fixed point theorem for a cone map. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate our results. © 2020, The Author(s).Item Synthesis of ZnO/TiO2 spherical particles for blue light screening by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Ratanathavorn Wittawat; Rungruang Rittipun; Modsuwan Jarasfah; Bouhoad Nattaporn; R. Wittawat; Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, 228-228/1-3 Sirindhorn Alley, Bang Bumru, Bang Phlat, 10700, Thailand; email: wittawat_rat@dusit.ac.thA broad UVÐvis absorbance covering the blue visible region was obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of ZnO/TiO2 spherical particles at pyrolysis temperatures of 400 ¡C, 500 ¡C and 600 ¡C. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate and titanium isopropoxide were used as precursors prepared via mixed solution. The morphology characterization and elemental analysis of the synthesized ZnO/TiO2 spherical particles were carried out by a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and by a transmission electron microscope. The crystal structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). UVÐvis absorbance spectra were measured by an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer. The synthesized particles were confirmed to be ZnO/TiO2 microspheres. The obtained ZnO structure was indicated by XRD analysis to be wurtzite, and two different TiO2 structures were observed; anatase and rutile. The crystal sizes were estimated from Scherrer's equation and ranged from 33.53 to 39.63 nm for the ZnO crystal, and from 5.78 to 59.2 nm for the two TiO2 crystals. The calculated energy band gap of the synthesized ZnO/TiO2 spherical particles ranged from 3.19 to 3.76 eV. Thus, doping of ZnO with TiO2 promoted visible light absorption, providing a broad UVÐvis absorbance that covers the blue light region more efficiently than commercial ZnO. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem English Learning Management of Generation Z Learners with Active Learning(Research and Development Institute Suan Dusit University, 2020) Rattana Klinjuy; R. Klinjuy; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Dusit University, Lampang Center, Lampang, 52100, Thailand; email: rattana_kli@outlook.comThis article aims to present the guidelines of learning management in an English course that meets the context and satisfies the needs of Generation Z learners with active learning. Active learning is a form of learning by doing. It provides the learners with reading, writing, interacting, and analyzing problems. The learners will be provided with advanced thinking processes such as synthesis, analysis, and evaluation. In this article, the author describes the characteristics and the techniques for learning management, including the benefits of active learning to find the approaches that can be adapted to English teaching and learning. Moreover, the author views active learning as the most suitable teaching method for Generation Z learners. The article shows their learning styles and their needs of learning based on the concept of generational theory for Generation Z learners, linking learning management with active learning. The author, therefore, views that the concept of generational theory enables the instructor to organize an effective active learning process in English to achieve the curriculum learning outcome and also meet the needs of Generation Z learners. © 2020, Research and Development Institute Suan Dusit University. All rights reserved.Item On sequential fractional q-Hahn integrodifference equations(MDPI AG, 2020) Thongchai Dumrongpokaphan; Nichaphat Patanarapeelert; Thanin Sitthiwirattham; N. Patanarapeelert; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; email: nichaphat.p@sci.kmutnb.ac.thIn this paper, we prove existence and uniqueness results for a fractional sequential fractional q-Hahn integrodifference equation with nonlocal mixed fractional q and fractional Hahn integral boundary condition, which is a new idea that studies q and Hahn calculus simultaneously. © 2020 by the authors.Item Existence results of nonlocal Robin boundary value problems for fractional (p, q) -integrodifference equations(Springer, 2020) Jarunee Soontharanon; Thanin Sitthiwirattham; T. Sitthiwirattham; Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, Thailand; email: thanin_sit@dusit.ac.thThe existence results of a fractional (p, q) -integrodifference equation with nonlocal Robin boundary condition are investigated by using BanachÕs and SchauderÕs fixed point theorems. Moreover, we study some properties of (p, q) -integral that will be used as a tool for our calculations. © 2020, The Author(s).Item System design of a student relationship management system using the internet of things to collect the digital footprint(International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 2020) Nualsri Songsom; Prachyanun Nilsook; Panita Wannapiroon; Lance Chun Che Fung; Kok Wai WongInformation systems plays an important role in the development of many perspectives on the part of higher education institutions, especially in the management of studentsÕ lives. Systems must be accessible and meet the needs of students, and allow higher education institutions to receive accurate and appropriate information. The purpose of this research was to design a system in the form of a student relationship management system (SRMS) using the Internet of Things (IoT) to collect digital footprint. These include the provision of an overview service station for monitoring students, the determination of relevant actors, the IoT process diagram, a sequence diagram and an entity relationship diagram. The results of the evaluation showed an overall very high level of appropriateness and a very high level in terms of the overall appropriateness of the usability of the system. All of the system design aspects for developing the system for collecting the digital footprint of higher education institutions to support student services and student behavior were shown to be appropriate. © 2020 by the authors.Item Transport industry as a business infrastructure: Modern stage and prospects of development(EDP Sciences, 2020) Pakrawee Vanpetch; Anastasia Ostovskaya; A. Ostovskaya; V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Academician Vernadsky Avenue, 4, 295007, Russian Federation; email: nastasy.ver@yandex.uaThe condition of the motor transport industry largely defines the progressive socio-economic changes in any country. It also serves a basic index of state development from the perspective of standards of living and healthy environment for economic growth and business activities. The motor transport industry reflects efficiency of the state policy, which also includes effective budget funding of the industry. The most developed countries make a considerable effort to maintain the motor transport system infrastructure and to stimulate development and integration of innovation technologies, which meets the goals of the national economy's sustainable development. Paper analyzes some modern patterns and prospects of transport industry development on the examples of Asia and Russia economical systems. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.Item Liposomes Encapsulating Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Extracts: Characterization and Shelf Life of Freeze-Dried Vesicles(Research and Development Institute Suan Dusit University, 2020) Tasanee Panichakul; Piyawan Youdee; Nattaporn Boohuad; Khwunjit Itsarasook; Prasit Suwannalert; T. Panichakul; Department of Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand; email: tasanee_p@yahoo.comLiposome is the one way of encapsulation of extracts for reducing the extract degradation. This study was to prepare the liposome entrapped extracts of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. (L-Al), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (L-Gg) alone and in combination of A. lakoocha and G. glabra extracts (L-AlGg). The liposomes were prepared by Mechanochemical method and freeze-drying. For stability of liposomes, storage at 4, 25 and 45¡C for 8 weeks was performed. The trapping efficiency of liposomes and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of extracts entrapped in liposome were investigated. Results showed liposome morphology was the spherical vesicles evaluated by TEM. Before freeze-drying, liposomes had particle sizes of 156.966 ± 0.808, 140.8 ± 0.818 and 158.633 ± 4.193 nm for L-Al, L-Gg and L-AlGg, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of L-Al, L-Gg and L-AlGg was found to be 95.83 ± 13.48, 97.99 ± 5.23 and 93.90 ± 16.28 %, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of released extracts from L-Al, L-Gg and L-AlGg were 81.57 ± 1.22, 68.92 ± 1.23 and 81.40 ± 0.64 %, respectively. After freeze-drying, the particle sizes of L-Al and L-AlGg were no significant changes, while L-Gg particle size was bigger (p < 0.01). The liposome entrapment and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of released extracts were not significantly changed after freeze-drying. This indicates good stability and no extract leakage of liposomes. In storage at 4¡C for 8 weeks, the entrapment efficiency of L-Al, L-Gg, L-AlGg and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of released extracts were not significantly different, comparing with controls. When increasing temperature of storage effected on the significantly reduction of the entrapment of liposomes and the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of released extracts (p < 0.01). Therefore, the freeze-dried liposome and storage at low temperature is recommended for stabilizing liposome and extract quality. © 2020, Research and Development Institute Suan Dusit University. All rights reserved.
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