Browsing by Author "Poonsub Threepopnatkul"
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Item Comparative performance of coupling agent and compatibilizer on polystyrene/zeolite composites(Chiang Mai University, 2013) Supanat Phattarateera; Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comThis research was aimed to investigate the miscibility and interfacial interaction between polystyrene (PS) and zeolite (Z) by using _-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (silane) as a coupling agent in comparison with styrene-co-maleic anhydride (SMA) as a compatibilizer. Each was prepared at 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 %wt and blended in high speed mixer with PS and zeolite and followed by compounding in twin-screw extruder. Effect of coupling agent and compatibilizer was comparatively studied on chemical interaction, thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of PS/Zeolite composites by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analyzer, universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope, respectively. In addition, flammability was also tested by vertical burning test. Zeolite had well dispersion when 1.5 %wt SMA was implemented and thus leaded to superior thermal stability. The interfacial interaction between PS and zeolite can be demonstrated by FTIR and tensile properties. It was noticed that the strong interfacial adhesion between PS and zeolite using SMA as compatibilizer would likely lead to relatively higher values for both tensile strength and modulus than their counterparts using silane as coupling agent. PSZ/SMA showed the lower rate of burning than PS and PSZ/Silane respectively.Item Effect of bacterial cellulose on properties of poly(lactic acid)(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Amnard Sittattrakul; Karn Supawititpattana; Panat Jittiarpon; Phumin Raksawat; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comThe aim of this research is to study the mechanical and thermal properties of composites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by using bacterial cellulose (BC) as a reinforcement. BC is produced by Acetobacterxylinum. To improve the interfacial adhesion between the BC and PLA matrix, BC is treated with different types of silane coupling agents (BC: Silane = 1: 0.00943) namely 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (DMS) and N1-(3-trimethoxysilyl propyl) diethylenetriamine (TMS). PLA is also modified with maleic anhydride (MA) in order to improve the electrophilicity property of PLA. In this work, reactive composites of BC reinforced PLA are prepared using a melt compounding process with twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. The effect of various silane coupling agents of 3 types and various contents of BC (1, 3, 5wt%) on mechanical and thermal properties are studied by using universal testing machine, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The DSC analysis is shown that the addition of BC particles significantly affect the crystallization rate of PLA because BC particles can act as a nucleating agent. The addition of 5 wt% BC to PLA provides more crystalline region than BC addition of 3 wt% and 1 wt% to PLA. Moreover, PLA composite with BC modified by TMS has the highest crystalline volume, followed by the DMS and APS, respectively. Young's modulus of PLA/5 wt% BC-TMS composite has the greatest increase compared with neat PLA. Moreover, PLA composites with BC treated by DMS have higher modulus than the one that is treated with APS. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Effect of flame retardants on performance of PALF/ABS composites(2013) Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Thanaphat Krachang; Wipawee Teerawattananon; Katawut Suriyaphaparkorn; Chanin KulsetthanchaleeThis research is to study the effect of two different flame retardants i.e., bisphenol-A bis (diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and 9, 10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) on the flammability and mechanical properties of the composites of modified natural pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). A 10% by weight of such PALF was compounded with ABS using diisononyl phthalate 1% w/w as plasticizer at the different flame retardant concentration (10 and 20 wt%) in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. An injection molding machine was used to prepare the specimens. The effects of flame-retardants showed that the PALF/ABS composite containg DOPO showed superior performance in terms of flammabitily. Higher content of flame retardants led to increase LOI value. Moreover, the composites added DOPO produce enhanced mechanical properties such as young's modulus and tensile strength. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.Item Effect of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate on properties of polyethylene terephthalate thin films(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Weerayut Thongsong; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; Poonsub Threepopnatkul; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comThe aim of this research is to study the mechanical, thermal properties and morphology of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) blended with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thin films. Effect of TiO2 and ZnO is also investigated on mechanical and thermal properties of PBAT/PET thin films. PBAT and PET are blended by a twin screw extruder and film is casted by film extruder. Mechanical, thermal properties and morphology are studied by using universal testing machine, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope. From the results, higher PBAT content led to the increment of elongation at break with the sacrifice of modulus of PET thin films. In addition, thermal stability of PBAT/PET thin films is lower than neat PET films. Moreover, modulus and tensile strength could be improved by adding 1-2 wt% ZnO into PET/PBAT film. However, the addition of TiO2 has no significant effect on tensile properties of PET/PBAT film. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Effect of TiO2 and ZnO on thin film properties of PET/PBS blend for food packaging applications(Elsevier Ltd, 2014) Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Chanikarn Wongnarat; Wirawan Intolo; Sunantha Suato; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comThis research was aimed to investigate the effect of TiO2 and ZnO along with its ratio on physical, thermal, mechanical and antibacterial properties of PET-poly(ethylene terephthalate) and PBS-poly(butylene succinate) blend thin film. The content of TiO2 and ZnO was added at 1% and 2%wt on PET/PBS (ratio of 90:10) blend thin film because the ratio of PET and PBS of 90:10 was found to be the best in clarity. The melting temperature of PET/PBS blends were completely separated due to immiscibility of polymer blend. The addition of ZnO made film more transparency than TiO2 because ZnO particles were physically bigger than TiO2 particles. In addition, TiO2 increased thermal stability of PET/PBS blends. The addition of TiO2 and ZnO would not significantly increase tensile strength, young's modulus and percentage elongation at break. In term of antibacterial activity, PET/PBS blend thin film with TiO2 was more active against both E.coli and S.aureus than the one with ZnO. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.Item Effect of zeolite on mechanical and barrier properties of pbat films for life extension of agricultural products(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2020) Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Kamonchanok Wongsuton; Chonlada Jaiaue; Nattanan Rakkietwinai; Amnard Stittatrakul; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comIn this research, the biodegradable film of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) would be used as the polymer matrix. The influence of zeolite (as the filler) type and content were investigated on the mechanical and barrier properties of film packaging. Zeolite was treated with (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane. Films were produced by cast film extruder. Effects of different types of zeolite (5A and 13X) as well as zeolite loading (1-5 wt%) on mechanical properties and permeability of gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor) of PBAT composites films have been extensively studied. Tensile properties of PBAT incorporated with zelolite 5A are higher than the one with zeolite 13X. In addition, increasing zeolite content into PBAT film is likely to improve YoungÕs modulus with the sacrifices of both tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break of PBAT film. For barrier properties, PBAT/zeolite 5A possessed lower permeation both of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases than PBAT/zeolite 13X. The effect of zeolite content plays a major role on oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability of composite films. PBAT/zeolite composite film could certainly extend the ripening period of Homthong bananas for approximately longer than one week. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.Item Effect of ZnO and TiO2 on properties of polystyrene/nitrile rubber electrospun fiber mats(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comThis research was aimed to study the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) on mechanical and antibacterial properties of PS/NBR electrospun fibers. 15 %wt of polystyrene (PS) blended with nitrile rubber (NBR) at 50:50 w/w was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to prepare the solution of PS and NBR. ZnO and TiO2 are added into PS/NBR solution at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 %wt. From the results, Young's modulus of PS/NBR/TiO2 was higher than PS/NBR/ZnO electrospun mats. For the effect of filler content, increasing content of either TiO2 or ZnO up to 1.0 %wt increased Young's modulus of PS/NBR electrospun fibers whereas the addition of either TiO2 or ZnO more than 1.0 %wt decreased the Young's modulus. The percentage strain at break was also decreased as the content of ZnO and TiO2 increased. Moreover, the antibacterial properties, it was found that the addition of 2-3 %wt ZnO inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus on the electrospun PS/NBR fibers. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item In-vitro drug release activity from core/shell electrospun mats of sPLA-CPEG/GS and sPLA/CA-CPEG/GS(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2012) Koravee Vichitchote; Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Supakij Suttiruengwong; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comIn this research, the core-shell structured fiber was fabricated by coaxial electrospinning technique. A set of biodegradable polymers namely polylactic acid (PLA) and cellulose acetate (CA) were used as the shell material. Gentamicin sulfate (GS) as antimicrobial drug with polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the core structure. PEG formed the core section of the core-shell fibers for GS encapsulation. In-vitro drug release activity of the core-shell fibers was determined by total immersion method in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solutions (PBS). It was found that core-shell fibers sPLA-cPEG/GS exhibit higher initial release compared to that of core-shell fibers sPLA/CAcPEG/ GS. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.Item Morphological and thermal properties of LDPE/EVA blended films and development of antimicrobial activity in food packaging film(Elsevier Ltd, 2014) Kasemsan Wattananawinrat; Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; K. Wattananawinrat; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comLow density polyethylene (LDPE) is widely used for food packaging especially for the agro-food products. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) was blended with LDPE to reduce the volatization of essential oils. Essential oils (EOs) including clove leaf oil (CL), sweet basil oil (SB), and cinnamon bark oil (CB) were incorporated in blended films to conduct the study of antimicrobial activity. SEM and DSC were used to study the effect of EVA contents on blend films. The immiscible phase was found throughout the film of these blended polymers. The significance of EOs types and concentrations was implemented in order that residual concentration, antimicrobial activity, and time induced behavior on food packaging could be studied. Among three EOs, CB showed the most efficiency in term of antimicrobial activity regardless of its relatively lower retention. Ability of microorganism growth inhibition could be explained by the lipophilicity of the constituents of EOs. Additionally, using the modified films as for food packaging could be rationally appropriated. The sliced tomatoes packed in the films incorporated with any kind of EOs would be able to noticeably withstand the microorganisms' growth. Therefore, the modified films with EOs have undoubtedly better future as packaging use for food and agricultural products. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.Item Phosphate derivative flame retardants on properties of pineapple leaf fiber/ABS composites(Smithers Rapra, 2014) Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Thanaphat Krachang; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comPineapple leaf fibers (PALF) are abundant to the agricultural products which are native to the tropical climate region. It also exhibit excellent tensile strength and tensile modulus. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) copolymer possess several prominent properties such as strength, rigidity and toughness. Both ABS and PALF are at high risk to the fire hazard when used in daily life. The improvement of flame retardancy of composite materials has been the priority for the safety requirements of natural fiber composite products. This research is aimed to study the effect of two different phosphate compounded flame retardants i.e., bisphenol-A bis (diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and 9, 10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) on the flammability, mechanical and thermal properties of the composites of modified natural pineapple leaf fiber reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. 10% by weight of such PALF was compounded with ABS using diisononyl phthalate 1% w/w as plasticizer at the different flame retardant concentration (10 and 20 wt.% of ABS). The effects of flameretardants showed that the PALF/ABS composite containing DOPO showed enhanced performance in terms of flame retardancy and even act as self-extinguisher. Higher content of flame retardants led to increase limiting oxygen index value. Moreover, DOPO added composites produced superior mechanical properties such as young's modulus and tensile strength. Furthermore, both thermal degradation temperature of PALF/ABS composites with DOPO and thermal degradation temperature of PALF/ABS composites with BDP showed relatively lower temperature than the ones of PALF/ABS composites. © Smithers Information Ltd., 2014.Item Preparation and characterization of PET/SEBS incorporated with organomontmorillonite(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020) Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Phakawan Thinsoongnoen; Pattaraporn Misut; Siriluk Autama; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon pathom, 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comThis study is focused on the characterization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene (SEBS)/Organomontmorillonite (OMMT) blends. SEBS-g-MA is used as compatibilizer and SEBS is the impact modifier at 30 %wt. The compounds were blended by twin-screw extruder and molded for test specimen by injection molding. The effect of OMMT types (Cloisite15A and Cloisite30B) and contents (1 and 3 %w/w) on properties of PET blends with SEBS and SEBS-g-MA were investigated. The PET composites incorporated with Cloisite15A had higher impact strength and %elongation at break whereas lower tensile strength than the one with Cloisite30B. Comparing with PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA blends, adding OMMT into PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA would increase thermal property. However, it had no significant changes with higher OMMT. %Crystallinity of PET would be increased with OMMT contents. PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA had lower %LOI but higher burning rate compared with PET. However, the addition of OMMT could improve flame retardant properties of PET blends. Addition of Cloisite15A and Cloisite30B into PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA increased %LOI. From UL 94 tests, polymer composites could be classified in HB class. The burning rate of polymer composites was decreased with increasing OMMT due to decomposition of OMMT act as a barrier to inhibit combustion. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Preparation and properties of polylactide reinforced with eggshell modified with different fatty acids(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2019) Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Amnard Sittatrakul; Kanpurassakorn Anuraka; Onanong Mekmok; Alongkorn Khunkaew; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; Hesham Moustafa; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon pathom, 73000, Thailand; email: threepopnatkul_p@su.ac.thThe composite materials of biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and fatty acid modified eggshell 15 phr were prepared using a twin screw extruder. Eggshell was modified with different types of fatty acids i.e. propionic acid and oleic acid. Samples were shaped by an injection molding machine to prepare the specimens for mechanical testing. A scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the fracture surface of the composites to ascertain their morphological properties. A universal testing machine and an impact tester were used to investigate the mechanical properties. From the investigation, it was found that the dispersion of eggshell modified with fatty acid in PLA matrix is more uniform than unmodified eggshell. Young�s modulus and tensile strength of the composites between PLA and eggshell modified with propionic acid are higher than neat PLA and PLA/eggshell modified with oleic acid. On the other hands, the relative amount of elongation at break and impact strength of PLA/eggshell modified with propionic acid composite are lower than the composites of PLA and eggshell modified with oleic acid. � 2019 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.Item Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of wood sawdust/ polycarbonate composites(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2012) Wittawut Wimonsong; Poonsub Threepopnatkul; Chanin Kulsetthanchalee; P. Threepopnatkul; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; email: poonsubt@yahoo.comWood sawdust was increasingly being used as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastics due to low cost, reusable raw materials. One of the problems of using wood sawdust is its interfacial adhesion with polymeric matrix. In this research, two types of silane coupling agents (N-(3- Trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethyllenetriamine and _-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane) and sodium hydroxide were used for the modification of interfacial adhesion in wood sawdust/polycarbonate composites. The effects of chemical treatment and wood sawdust content (10, 20 and 30 % by wt) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal conductivity analysis. Young's modulus of composites was in general higher than the neat PC except for the one with _-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane treatment. Tensile modulus of composites was increased as the filler loading increased. Nevertheless, the addition of wood sawdust resulted in the tensile strength reduction of the composites. The SEM micrographs reveal that the aggregation of wood particles and weak interfacial bond between the treated wood sawdust and the polymeric matrix with increasing filler loading. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity was reduced significantly with the increment of wood sawdust contents. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.