Browsing by Author "Panarat Srisaeng"
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Item A Cross Sectional Study of the Ten Longest Ultra-Long-Range Air Routes(Sciendo, 2019) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham WildIn recent times, several airlines have commenced the operation of ultra-long-range (ULR) services. Using a mixed methods research approach, this paper examines the aircraft deployment, the target passenger market segments, the aircraft cabin configurations, the flight stage lengths and the available seat kilometres (ASKs) produced on the world's ten longest air routes. The study found that some airlines are operating ultra-long-range services on a hub-to-hub basis, whilst other airlines are operating these services to open new spoke city markets. The case airlines are targeting the premium and leisure travel market segments. The Boeing 787-9 is the most popular aircraft type for these services followed by the Airbus A380-800 and the Boeing B777-200LR aircraft. Qatar Airways Doha to Auckland service has the longest flight stage length (14,535 kilometres). The other 9 air routes all exceed 13,400 kilometres in length. The greatest number of annual ASKs are produced on the Emirates Dubai to Auckland services (5.09 billion ASKs) and the smallest number of annual ASKs are on the Qantas Airways Perth to London services (2.49 billion ASKs). � 2019 Transport and Telecommunication Institute, published by Sciendo.Item A Cross Sectional Study of the Ten Longest Ultra-Long-Range Air Routes(Sciendo, 2019-04-01) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham WildIn recent times, several airlines have commenced the operation of ultra-long-range (ULR) services. Using a mixed methods research approach, this paper examines the aircraft deployment, the target passenger market segments, the aircraft cabin configurations, the flight stage lengths and the available seat kilometres (ASKs) produced on the world's ten longest air routes. The study found that some airlines are operating ultra-long-range services on a hub-to-hub basis, whilst other airlines are operating these services to open new spoke city markets. The case airlines are targeting the premium and leisure travel market segments. The Boeing 787-9 is the most popular aircraft type for these services followed by the Airbus A380-800 and the Boeing B777-200LR aircraft. Qatar Airways Doha to Auckland service has the longest flight stage length (14,535 kilometres). The other 9 air routes all exceed 13,400 kilometres in length. The greatest number of annual ASKs are produced on the Emirates Dubai to Auckland services (5.09 billion ASKs) and the smallest number of annual ASKs are on the Qantas Airways Perth to London services (2.49 billion ASKs). © 2019 Transport and Telecommunication Institute, published by Sciendo.Item A forecasting tool for predicting Australia�s domestic airline passenger demand using a genetic algorithm(Departamento de Ciencia e Tecnologia Aeroespacial, 2015) Panarat Srisaeng; Glenn Baxter; Steven Richardson; Graham Wild; G. Wild; RMIT University, School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Engineering, Melbourne, 124 La Trobe Stm, 3000, Australia; email: graham.wild@rmit.edu.auThis study has proposed and empirically tested for the first time genetic algorithm optimization models for modelling Australia�s domestic airline passenger demand, as measured by enplaned passengers (GAPAXDE model) and revenue passenger kilometres performed (GARPKSDE model). Data was divided into training and testing datasets; 74 training datasets were used to estimate the weighting factors of the genetic algorithm models and 13 out-of-sample datasets were used for testing the robustness of the genetic algorithm models. The genetic algorithm parameters used in this study comprised population size (n): 200; the generation number: 1,000; and mutation rate: 0.01. The modelling results have shown that both the quadratic GAPAXDE and GARPKSDE models are more accurate, reliable, and have greater predictive capability as compared to the linear models. The mean absolute percentage error in the out of sample testing dataset for the GAPAXDE and GARPKSDE quadratic models are 2.55 and 2.23%, respectively. � 2015, Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management. All Rights Reserved.Item A qualitative assessment of a full-service network airline sustainable energy management: The case of finnair plc(World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society, 2021) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham Wild-Airlines are extremely energy intensive. Around the world airlines are increasingly focusing on the environmentally sustainable energy management. Using a qualitative longitudinal case study research approach, this study examines FinnairÕs sustainable energy management over the period 2010 to 2019. The airlineÕs major energy source is jet fuel used for the operation of the airlineÕs aircraft fleet and the electricity which is used to power its facilities located at Helsinki Airport. The study found that FinnairÕs annual jet fuel consumption has grown throughout the study due to the airlineÕs route network and aircraft fleet expansion. The fuel required for ground vehicles has risen reflecting greater operational requirements due to the companyÕs expansion. The annual consumption of electricity and electricity for heating has displayed a general downward trend during the study period. The annual electricity per passenger has also decreased despite the large growth in passenger numbers. Finnair has increased its use of renewable energy sources for its flight and ground operations. A key energy saving strategy has been the acquisition and operation of a modern state-of-the-art, fuel efficient aircraft fleet. © 2021, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved.Item A qualitative assessment of a full-service network airline sustainable energy management: The case of finnair plc(World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society, 2021) Panarat Srisaeng; Glenn Baxter; Graham Wild-Airlines are extremely energy intensive. Around the world airlines are increasingly focusing on the environmentally sustainable energy management. Using a qualitative longitudinal case study research approach, this study examines Finnair’s sustainable energy management over the period 2010 to 2019. The airline’s major energy source is jet fuel used for the operation of the airline’s aircraft fleet and the electricity which is used to power its facilities located at Helsinki Airport. The study found that Finnair’s annual jet fuel consumption has grown throughout the study due to the airline’s route network and aircraft fleet expansion. The fuel required for ground vehicles has risen reflecting greater operational requirements due to the company’s expansion. The annual consumption of electricity and electricity for heating has displayed a general downward trend during the study period. The annual electricity per passenger has also decreased despite the large growth in passenger numbers. Finnair has increased its use of renewable energy sources for its flight and ground operations. A key energy saving strategy has been the acquisition and operation of a modern state-of-the-art, fuel efficient aircraft fleet. © 2021, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved.Item A Study of Thai Massage Service Quality Effect on International Tourist Confidence(University of Primorska, 2023-12-27) Napaporn Janchai; Glenn Baxter; Panarat SrisaengWellness tourism is one of the world’s fastest growing industries (Global Wellness Institute, 2018). Wellness tourism has developed into a very important tourism market segment around the world over the past two decades or so. This is especially so for Thailand, where wellness tourism has become one of country’s most important tourism markets. In addition to attracting high-end tourists from developed and developing countries, wellness tourism also increases the economy of small or developing countries (Jagyasi, 2022). Thai massage has a strong link to wellness tourism as it is a key service for wellness tourism. In terms of the massage business, tourist confidence is the perception of service quality that influences a purchase decision. Service quality and tourist confidence are intertwined, which then leads to income and economic development. Therefore, examining service quality within Thai massage in relation to tourist confidence is important for exploring the crucial factors influencing international tourist confidence in Thai massage. The results of this research may lead to service quality development to encourage confidence among international tourists who are a significant source of foreign revenue. This research aims to examine the effect of Thai massage service quality on international tourist confidence. A survey of 400 international tourists was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand between March and May 2019, using a structured research questionnaire to collect all necessary data, which was then used to test the research hypotheses using multiple regression analysis. The study concluded that three out of five elements of service quality affect international tourist confidence. These elements include ‘Empathy,’ ‘Tangibility,’ and ‘Responsiveness,’ while ‘Assurance’ and ‘Reliability’ did not have a significant effect on tourist confidence. The findings of this research establish an empirical relationship between empathy, tangibility and responsiveness of Thai massage businesses and international tourists’ confidence. This insight of the study may help the massage business to have a better understanding about the elements of service quality that influence international tourist confidence. © 2023 University of Primorska. All rights reserved.Item A Study of Thai Massage Service Quality Effect on International Tourist Confidence(University of Primorska, 2023) Napaporn Janchai; Glenn Baxter; Panarat SrisaengWellness tourism is one of the worldÕs fastest growing industries (Global Wellness Institute, 2018). Wellness tourism has developed into a very important tourism market segment around the world over the past two decades or so. This is especially so for Thailand, where wellness tourism has become one of countryÕs most important tourism markets. In addition to attracting high-end tourists from developed and developing countries, wellness tourism also increases the economy of small or developing countries (Jagyasi, 2022). Thai massage has a strong link to wellness tourism as it is a key service for wellness tourism. In terms of the massage business, tourist confidence is the perception of service quality that influences a purchase decision. Service quality and tourist confidence are intertwined, which then leads to income and economic development. Therefore, examining service quality within Thai massage in relation to tourist confidence is important for exploring the crucial factors influencing international tourist confidence in Thai massage. The results of this research may lead to service quality development to encourage confidence among international tourists who are a significant source of foreign revenue. This research aims to examine the effect of Thai massage service quality on international tourist confidence. A survey of 400 international tourists was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand between March and May 2019, using a structured research questionnaire to collect all necessary data, which was then used to test the research hypotheses using multiple regression analysis. The study concluded that three out of five elements of service quality affect international tourist confidence. These elements include ÔEmpathy,Õ ÔTangibility,Õ and ÔResponsiveness,Õ while ÔAssuranceÕ and ÔReliabilityÕ did not have a significant effect on tourist confidence. The findings of this research establish an empirical relationship between empathy, tangibility and responsiveness of Thai massage businesses and international touristsÕ confidence. This insight of the study may help the massage business to have a better understanding about the elements of service quality that influence international tourist confidence. © 2023 University of Primorska. All rights reserved.Item Airport Related Emissions and their Impact on Air Quality at a Major Japanese Airport: The Case of Kansai International Airport(Sciendo, 2020) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham WildThe objective of this study was to investigate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of an airport, to determine if strategies are helping to achieve sustainability targets. Kansai International Airport was selected as the case study, and it is Japan's third largest airport and there was readily available comprehensive data to enable a study to be undertaken. The airport has a dedicated environmental division and has implemented various initiatives over the past decade or so to reduce the airport's impact on the surrounding environment, especially since it is in Osaka Bay. The research used an exploratory design, with an initial qualitative case study, followed by a quantitative longitudinal study, utilizing correlation to assess trends over time. Results showed statistically significant reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the three facets of airport operations, both in terms of the number of passengers and number of aircraft serviced by the airport. As a result, the initiatives undertaken at Kansai International Airport could be adapted and used by other airports to help reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. © 2020 Glenn Baxter et al., published by Sciendo.Item Airport Related Emissions and their Impact on Air Quality at a Major Japanese Airport: The Case of Kansai International Airport(Sciendo, 2020-04-01) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham WildThe objective of this study was to investigate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of an airport, to determine if strategies are helping to achieve sustainability targets. Kansai International Airport was selected as the case study, and it is Japan's third largest airport and there was readily available comprehensive data to enable a study to be undertaken. The airport has a dedicated environmental division and has implemented various initiatives over the past decade or so to reduce the airport's impact on the surrounding environment, especially since it is in Osaka Bay. The research used an exploratory design, with an initial qualitative case study, followed by a quantitative longitudinal study, utilizing correlation to assess trends over time. Results showed statistically significant reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the three facets of airport operations, both in terms of the number of passengers and number of aircraft serviced by the airport. As a result, the initiatives undertaken at Kansai International Airport could be adapted and used by other airports to help reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. © 2020 Glenn Baxter et al., published by Sciendo.Item An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for forecasting Australia's domestic low cost carrier passenger demand(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2015-07-03) Panarat Srisaeng; Glenn Baxter; Graham WildThis study has proposed and empirically tested two Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models for the first time for predicting Australia's domestic low cost carriers demand, as measured by enplaned passengers (PAX Model) and revenue passenger kilometres performed (RPKs Model). In the ANFIS, both the learning capabilities of an artificial neural network (ANN) and the reasoning capabilities of fuzzy logic are combined to provide enhanced prediction capabilities, as compared to using a single methodology. Sugeno fuzzy rules were used in the ANFIS structure and the Gaussian membership function and linear membership functions were also developed. The hybrid learning algorithm and the subtractive clustering partition method were used to generate the optimum ANFIS models. Data was normalized in order to increase the model's training performance. The results found that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the overall data set of the PAX and RPKs models was 1.52% and 1.17%, respectively. The highest R2-value for the PAX model was 0.9949 and 0.9953 for the RPKs model, demonstrating that the models have high predictive capabilities. © 2015 Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU) Press.Item An assessment of airport sustainability, part 1-waste management at Copenhagen Airport(MDPI AG, 2018) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham Wild; G. Wild; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia; email: graham.wild@rmit.edu.auAirports play a vital role in the air transport industry value chain, acting as the interface point between the air and surface transport modes. However, substantial volumes of waste are produced as a by-product of the actors' operations. Waste management is therefore becoming especially important to airports. Using a qualitative and quantitative case study research approach, this paper has examined the waste management strategies and systems at Copenhagen Airport, Scandinavia's major air traffic hub, from 1999 to 2016. The two major sources of waste at Copenhagen Airport are the waste generated from aircraft serving the airport and the waste arising from ground activities undertaken in the land and airside precincts. The growth in passengers and aircraft movements has had a concomitant impact on the volume of waste generated. Swept waste and sludge are processed by an external provider. Waste generated in the passenger terminals and the airport operator's facilities is handled at a central container station, where it is sorted for incineration, recycling or for landfill. The environmental impact of the waste produced at the airport is mitigated through the recycling of waste wherever possible. � 2018 by the authors.Item An assessment of airport sustainability, part 1-waste management at Copenhagen Airport(MDPI AG, 2018-03-01) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham WildAirports play a vital role in the air transport industry value chain, acting as the interface point between the air and surface transport modes. However, substantial volumes of waste are produced as a by-product of the actors' operations. Waste management is therefore becoming especially important to airports. Using a qualitative and quantitative case study research approach, this paper has examined the waste management strategies and systems at Copenhagen Airport, Scandinavia's major air traffic hub, from 1999 to 2016. The two major sources of waste at Copenhagen Airport are the waste generated from aircraft serving the airport and the waste arising from ground activities undertaken in the land and airside precincts. The growth in passengers and aircraft movements has had a concomitant impact on the volume of waste generated. Swept waste and sludge are processed by an external provider. Waste generated in the passenger terminals and the airport operator's facilities is handled at a central container station, where it is sorted for incineration, recycling or for landfill. The environmental impact of the waste produced at the airport is mitigated through the recycling of waste wherever possible. © 2018 by the authors.Item An assessment of airport sustainability, part 2-Energy management at Copenhagen Airport(MDPI AG, 2018) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham Wild; G. Wild; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia; email: graham.wild@rmit.edu.auAirports play a critical role in the air transport value chain. Each air transport value chain stakeholder requires energy to conduct their operations. Airports are extremely energy intensive. Greenhouse gases are a by-product from energy generation and usage. Consequently, airports are increasingly trying to sustainably manage their energy requirements as part of their environmental policies and strategies. This study used an exploratory qualitative and quantitative case study research approach to empirically examine Copenhagen Airport, Scandinavia's major air traffic hub, sustainable airport energy management practices and energy-saving initiatives. For Copenhagen Airport, the most significant environmental impact factors occurring from energy usage are the CO2 emissions arising from both the air side and land side operations. Considering this, the airport has identified many ways to manage and mitigate the environmental impact from energy consumption on both the air and land side operations. Importantly, the application of technological solutions, systems and process enhancements and collaboration with key stakeholders has contributed to the airport's success in mitigating the environmental impact from energy usage at the airport whilst at the same time achieving energy savings. � 2018 by the authors.Item An Assessment of Airport Sustainability, Part 2—Energy Management at Copenhagen Airport(MDPI AG, 2018-06-01) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham WildAirports play a critical role in the air transport value chain. Each air transport value chain stakeholder requires energy to conduct their operations. Airports are extremely energy intensive. Greenhouse gases are a by-product from energy generation and usage. Consequently, airports are increasingly trying to sustainably manage their energy requirements as part of their environmental policies and strategies. This study used an exploratory qualitative and quantitative case study research approach to empirically examine Copenhagen Airport, Scandinavia's major air traffic hub, sustainable airport energy management practices and energy-saving initiatives. For Copenhagen Airport, the most significant environmental impact factors occurring from energy usage are the CO2 emissions arising from both the air side and land side operations. Considering this, the airport has identified many ways to manage and mitigate the environmental impact from energy consumption on both the air and land side operations. Importantly, the application of technological solutions, systems and process enhancements and collaboration with key stakeholders has contributed to the airport's success in mitigating the environmental impact from energy usage at the airport whilst at the same time achieving energy savings. © 2018 by the authors.Item An assessment of airport sustainability: Part 3-water management at Copenhagen Airport(MDPI AG, 2019) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham Wild; G. Baxter; School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Suan Dusit University, Huahin Prachaup Khiri Khan, 77110, Thailand; email: g_glennbax@dusit.ac.thSustainable water management is critical for airports as they consume substantial volumes of water to maintain their infrastructure and operations. Airports also generate large volumes of surface and waste waters. The aim of this study was to examine Copenhagen Airport's sustainable water management strategies and systems from 2006 to 2016. The study used a longitudinal qualitative research design. The annual water consumption at Copenhagen Airport has risen from 2006 to 2016 in line with the increased passenger volumes and aircraft movements. Drinking water is sourced from the Taarnby and Drag�r municipal water works. Non-potable water is used wherever possible and is sourced from a local remedial drilling. Copenhagen Airport uses two separate sewer systems for handling surface and wastewater. These waters are not discharged to same system due to their different nature. To mitigate environmental risks and impacts on soil, water, and local communities; the quality of drinking, ground, and surface water are regularly monitored. The airport has implemented various water saving initiatives, such as, an aquifer thermal energy system, to reduce water consumption. The strategies, systems, and the water-saving initiatives have successfully underpinned Copenhagen Airport's sustainable water management. � 2019 by the authors.Item An assessment of airport sustainability: Part 3-water management at Copenhagen Airport(MDPI AG, 2019-09-01) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham WildSustainable water management is critical for airports as they consume substantial volumes of water to maintain their infrastructure and operations. Airports also generate large volumes of surface and waste waters. The aim of this study was to examine Copenhagen Airport's sustainable water management strategies and systems from 2006 to 2016. The study used a longitudinal qualitative research design. The annual water consumption at Copenhagen Airport has risen from 2006 to 2016 in line with the increased passenger volumes and aircraft movements. Drinking water is sourced from the Taarnby and Dragør municipal water works. Non-potable water is used wherever possible and is sourced from a local remedial drilling. Copenhagen Airport uses two separate sewer systems for handling surface and wastewater. These waters are not discharged to same system due to their different nature. To mitigate environmental risks and impacts on soil, water, and local communities; the quality of drinking, ground, and surface water are regularly monitored. The airport has implemented various water saving initiatives, such as, an aquifer thermal energy system, to reduce water consumption. The strategies, systems, and the water-saving initiatives have successfully underpinned Copenhagen Airport's sustainable water management. © 2019 by the authors.Item An assessment of sustainable airport water management: The case of Osaka’s Kansai international airport(MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2018) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham WildAirports are an essential infrastructure to facilitate aviation. The substantial growth of aviation has led to a significant increase in water usage by airports. Airports also generate large volumes of wastewater that may include contaminants. Hence, understanding sustainable water management practices is essential in the aviation industry. In this study, an exploratory research design was utilized in the examination of the sustainable water management strategies and systems at Kansai International Airport from 2002 to 2016. The qualitative data were examined using document analysis as part of a case study. The quantitative data were analyzed using regression analysis as part of a longitudinal study. The airport has been able to reduce the total water consumption, water consumption per passenger, and water consumption per aircraft movement, even with increased traffic in recent years. The airport sources water from the municipal authorities and reclaims water for non-potable water uses. The airport conducts regular water quality tests which measure the Chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphates. The airport’s onsite wastewater processing centre processes all wastewaters, which discharges non-reclaimed water into Osaka Bay. With a decrease in water consumption, there has similarly been a decrease in the need to treat wastewater, while the reclaimed water ratio has increased over the period of the study. © 2018 by the authors.Item An assessment of sustainable airport water management: The case of Osaka�s Kansai international airport(MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2018) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; Graham Wild; G. Wild; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia; email: graham.wild@rmit.edu.auAirports are an essential infrastructure to facilitate aviation. The substantial growth of aviation has led to a significant increase in water usage by airports. Airports also generate large volumes of wastewater that may include contaminants. Hence, understanding sustainable water management practices is essential in the aviation industry. In this study, an exploratory research design was utilized in the examination of the sustainable water management strategies and systems at Kansai International Airport from 2002 to 2016. The qualitative data were examined using document analysis as part of a case study. The quantitative data were analyzed using regression analysis as part of a longitudinal study. The airport has been able to reduce the total water consumption, water consumption per passenger, and water consumption per aircraft movement, even with increased traffic in recent years. The airport sources water from the municipal authorities and reclaims water for non-potable water uses. The airport conducts regular water quality tests which measure the Chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphates. The airport�s onsite wastewater processing centre processes all wastewaters, which discharges non-reclaimed water into Osaka Bay. With a decrease in water consumption, there has similarly been a decrease in the need to treat wastewater, while the reclaimed water ratio has increased over the period of the study. � 2018 by the authors.Item Cooperating to compete in the global air cargo industry: The case of the DHL Express and Lufthansa cargo A.G. Joint venture airline ‘Aerologic’(MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2018-03-16) Glenn Baxter; Panarat SrisaengThis paper presents a case study of the DHL Express and Lufthansa Cargo strategic joint venture cargo airline ‘AeroLogic’, the global air cargo industry’s largest operative joint venture between an airline and a leading international express and logistics provider. The study used a qualitative research approach. The data gathered for the study was examined by document analysis. The strategic analysis of the AeroLogic joint venture was based on the use of Porter’s Five Forces framework. The study found that the AeroLogic joint venture airline has provided synergistic benefits to both partners and has allowed the partners to access new markets and to participate in the evolution of the air cargo industry. The new venture has also enabled both joint venture partners to enhance their competitive position in the global air cargo industry through strengthened service offerings and has provided the partners with increased cargo capacities, a larger route network, and greater frequencies within their own route networks. The study also found that the AeroLogic business model is unique in the air cargo industry. A limitation of the study was that AeroLogic’s annual revenue or freight traffic data was not available. It was, therefore, not possible to analyse the business performance of the joint venture. © 2018 by the authorsItem Cooperating to compete in the global air cargo industry: The case of the DHL Express and Lufthansa cargo A.G. Joint venture airline �Aerologic�(MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2018) Glenn Baxter; Panarat Srisaeng; G. Baxter; School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Suan Dusit University, Huahin Campus, Prachaup Khiri Khan, 77110, Thailand; email: g_glennbax@dusit.ac.thThis paper presents a case study of the DHL Express and Lufthansa Cargo strategic joint venture cargo airline �AeroLogic�, the global air cargo industry�s largest operative joint venture between an airline and a leading international express and logistics provider. The study used a qualitative research approach. The data gathered for the study was examined by document analysis. The strategic analysis of the AeroLogic joint venture was based on the use of Porter�s Five Forces framework. The study found that the AeroLogic joint venture airline has provided synergistic benefits to both partners and has allowed the partners to access new markets and to participate in the evolution of the air cargo industry. The new venture has also enabled both joint venture partners to enhance their competitive position in the global air cargo industry through strengthened service offerings and has provided the partners with increased cargo capacities, a larger route network, and greater frequencies within their own route networks. The study also found that the AeroLogic business model is unique in the air cargo industry. A limitation of the study was that AeroLogic�s annual revenue or freight traffic data was not available. It was, therefore, not possible to analyse the business performance of the joint venture. � 2018 by the authors