Browsing by Author "Khuram Ali Khan"

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    The sharmaÐmittal modelÕs implications on FRW universe in ChernÐSimons gravity
    (MDPI, 2021) Sarfraz Ali; Muhammad Hummad Waheed; Muhammad Imran Asjad; Khuram Ali Khan; Thanin Sitthiwirattham; Chanon Promsakon; T. Sitthiwirattham; Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand; email: thanin_sit@dusit.ac.th
    The SharmaÐMittal holographic dark energy model is investigated in this paper using the ChernÐSimons modified gravity theory. We investigate several cosmic parameters, including the deceleration, equation of state, square of sound speed, and energy density. According to the deceleration parameter, the universe is in an decelerating and expanding phase known as de Sitter expansion. The SharmaÐMittal HDE model supports a deceleration to acceleration transition that is compatible with the observational data. The EoS depicts the universeÕs dominance era through a number of components, such as _ = 0,13, 1, which indicate that the universe is influenced by dust, radiation, and stiff fluid, while _1 < _ < 31, _ = _1, and _ < _1 are conditions for quintessence DE, _CDM, and Phantom era dominance. Our findings indicate that the universe is in an accelerated expansion phase, and this is similar to the observational data. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.