Browsing by Author "Glenn S. Baxter"

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    ASSESSING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF A DEDICATED ALL-CARGO AIRLINE: THE CASE OF CARGOLUX INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES
    (Universidade Federal da Paraiba, 2020) Glenn S. Baxter; G.S. Baxter; School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Suan Dusit University, Huahin, Prachaup Khiri Khan, 77110, Thailand; email: g_glennbax@dusit.ac.th
    The objective of this study was to examine Cargolux International Airlines, one of the worldÕs largest dedicated all-cargo airlines, carbon footprint and to identify how it has been influenced by its route network expansion and the operation of the next-generation, Boeing B747-8 freighter aircraft. The study covered the period 2005 to 2018. To achieve the objectives of the study, an in-depth qualitative longitudinal case study research approach was used. The data that was sourced for the study was examined using document analysis. The study found that Cargolux International Airlines annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased from 2,845,000 tonnes in 2005 to 4,093, 521 tonnes in 2018. The increase in the airlineÕs annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is due to a higher level of services, route network expansion, and an increase its fleet of freighter aircraft. Over the study period, CargoluxÕs annual carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) per available tonne kilometer (ATK) exhibited a downward trend, decreasing from a high of 386.5 grams per available tonne kilometre (ATK) in 2006 to a low of 330.8 grams per available tonne kilometer (ATK) in 2018. A similar trend occurred with the airlineÕs annual carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) per freight tonne kilometer (FTK), which decreased from a high of 540 grams per freight tonne kilometer (FTK) in 2011 to a low of 330.8 grams per available freight tonne kilometer (FTK) in 2017. These trends were very favorable given the expansion in services and in enplaned air cargo tonnages throughout the study period. The case study revealed that the airlineÕs fleet rollover plan, in which Cargolux acquired a fleet of 14 state-of-the art Boeing B747-8 freighters, has resulted in the most substantial reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The more favorable fuel efficiency of this aircraft results in lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for their operators. In addition to operating a modern fuel-efficient fleet, Cargolux has implemented a very broad range of measures and initiatives that are designed to mitigate its carbon footprint from both its flight and ground operations. © 2020 Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering (JUEE). All rights reserved.
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    Aviation Safety, Freight, and Dangerous Goods Transport by Air
    (Elsevier, 2021) Glenn S. Baxter; Graham Wild
    Air cargo or air freight is an essential element of the global aviation industry, and with the growth of e-commerce and greater internationalization it will continue to grow, along with passenger transportation. Safety in aviation in general is a corner stone of the industry, and this is also true for air cargo operations, which regularly involves the transportation of dangerous goods by air. To facilitate this, international organizations have specified regulatory requirements and technical guidelines. The nature of the air freight, including the historical trends and the key players in the global supply chain, in addition to the requirements for the transportation of dangerous goods by air, are discussed herein. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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    Forecasting demand for low cost carriers in Australia using an artificial neural network approach
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2015-03-23) Panarat Srisaeng; Glenn S. Baxter; Graham Wide
    This study focuses on predicting Australia’s low cost carrier passenger demand and revenue passenger kilometres performed (RPKs) using traditional econometric and artificial neural network (ANN) modelling methods. For model development, Australia’s real GDP, real GDP per capita, air fares, Australia’s population and unemployment, tourism (bed spaces) and 4 dummy variables, utilizing quarterly data obtained between 2002 and 2012, were selected as model parameters. The neural network used multi-layer perceptron (MLP) architecture that compromised a mul ti-layer feed-forward network and the sigmoid and linear functions were used as activation functions with the feed forward‐back propagation algorithm. The ANN was applied during training, testing and validation and had 11 inputs, 9 neurons in the hidden layers and 1 neuron in the output layer. When comparing the predictive accuracy of the two techniques, the ANNs provided the best prediction and showed that the performance of the ANN model was better than that of the traditional multiple linear regression (MLR) approach. The highest R-value for the enplaned passengers ANN was around 0.996 and for the RPKs ANN was round 0.998, respectively. Keywords: air transport, artificial neural network (ann), Australia, forecasting methods, low-cost carrier.
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    The significance of the Chinese domestic market for narrow-body passenger-to-freighter (P2F) jet aircraft conversions
    (ATRF, Commonwealth of Australia, 2018) Long Zhang; Nicholas S. Bardell; Glenn S. Baxter; N.S. Bardell; RMIT University, School of Engineering, Melbourne, Box 2476, 3000, Australia; email: nick.bardell@rmit.edu.au
    This paper examines the reasons for the predicted growth in demand for air cargo in China over the next 20 years, and discusses why standard body freighters will dominate the air cargo sector. Because there are no new-build factory produced freighters available in the standard-body segment, this market is based solely on the conversion of passenger-to-freighter (P2F) aircraft. A survey is conducted of the entire Chinese commercial jet aircraft fleet which reveals a generous feedstock of candidate P2F aircraft (B737/738 and A320/321). This strongly suggests China could easily be self-sufficient in supplying its own standard-body freighters. The major conversion houses are well aware of this market potential, and they are now striking various collaborative arrangements with Chinese MROs. The details of these liaisons are presented which reveal how the nascent P2F ecosystem in China is developing. � 2018 ATRF, Commonwealth of Australia. All rights reserved.